.,*?*^*^, ■•^ ^ ^r \^ * -?^^?:i^ '^^%.A"^^h^ M^ ^-^• . *// ^ "t^^^ \\. i.f^' ■'-^' jrK^r ii ''f'jS^^^^ m^m^:'^^^,m^^Z^'.- ""»> ^^.. %^ LIBKAKY UNIVERSITYy PENNSYLVANIA FAIRMAN ROGERS COLLECTION ON HORSEMANSHIP Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2009 with funding from Lyrasis IVIembers and Sloan Foundation http://www.archive.org/details/americanthoroughOOmerr The American Thoroughbred BY THOMAS B. MERRY ("HIDALGO") PRINTED BY THE COMMERCIAL PRINTING HOUSE LOS ANGELES, CAL 1905 f\lP:. NEW BOLTON CEMTER r^xc -IPC t^55'o Entered according to Act of Congress in the Office of ttie Librarian of Congress on tlie seventeentli day of October, A. D., 1904. Contents Preface ----------9 Our Portrait Gallery ------- 12 Part I. The Origin of the Thoroughbred - - - 13 Part II. The Three Cardinal Lines - - - 23, Part III. The Modern British Thoroughbred - - 35 Part IV. The American Thoroughbred - - - 71 Second Epoch — 1783 to 186 1 - - - - - 7^ Third Epoch — Close of Civil War to Date - - - 84 Our Imported Sires .__._-- 103 Our Native Sires - -- - - - - II7 Our Great Native Mares - - - - - - 1 26 Part V. The French Thoroughbred _ - - - 133 Second Epoch - ------- 143 Part VI. The Austro-Hungarian Thoroughbred - 151 Part VII. The Australian Thoroughbred - - - '59 The Bruce Lowe System of Breeding by Figures - - - ' 77 Converse In-Breeding - - - - - - -181 In-Breeding, Past and Present - - - - - - 185 A Heart to Heart Talk with Breeders - - - 189 Selling Races - - - - - - - - "^95 Spurious Pedigrees ------- 197 A Military Proposition ------- 201 Two-Year-Old Racing ------- 205 The Breeders' Handbook __-_-- 209 Some Representative American Stallions - - - - 211 The Burns and Waterhouse Farm ----- 24 1 A Home Production ------- 245 P r e f a c e My only excuse for the appearance of this vohime is my firmly-rooted belief that such a book is needed by the breeders of thoroughbred horses in America. When one man can send into the sales ring a consignment of over three hundred yearlings and sell them at auction for something in excess of an average of $800, it is time for other breeders to wake up and begin to study the science of breeding as he has done. Most men are willing to pay a big price for a stallion, without grumbling, but when it comes to purchasing a really good mare, and the daughter of a great producing matron at that, for $1500 or $2000, they button up their breeches' pockets and say "Nay" to the man who has the mare to sell. It is high time for other men to follow the lead of Messrs. Belmont, Haggin, Keene, Camden and such men who see the necessity of excellence in both sexes. Just twelve years ago, Col. Sanders D. Bruce, editor of the Turf . Field and Farm, issued a book entitled "The Thoroughbred Horse," which he modeled very largely upon the "Breeders' Hand Book," published by Mr. Joseph Osborne in England. Both those books were well written but badly edited. Mr. Bruce carried you back to the days of Waxy and Sir Peter and without any other intermission, dropped you down on the back of some old short-bred Kentucky mare like Picayune or Minerva Anderson, neither of which should ever have found a place in the American Stud Book^ save in an appendix. Now, don't understand me as seeking to elevate my own work by belittling a dead friend. Col. Bruce's services to his country were signal and varied. He probably did as much as any other man, living or dead, to keep his native State (Kentucky) from going out of the Federal Union ; and his Stud Book, which was the work of almost thirty years continuously, while it has its imperfections, was so far in advance of my expectations and of the expectations of others of his friends, that he deserves the high- est praise for it. With his steadfast work to bring order out of chaos, the labors of' his successors in that field have been comparatively easy. But the editorial portion of "The Thoroughbred Horse" was carelessly put together, no matter how well written ; and the same is true equally of Mr. Joseph Osborne's book, for in both cases the reader has to go through the whole editorial portion of the book in order to find what he wants to know concerning any given horse or family of horses. I have endeavored to remedy that defect by a classification of the subject matter involved in these pages. I devote one chapter to the "Origin of the Thoroughbred" and deal chiefly with the three great lines which have survived all others — the Godolphin Arabian, the Darley Arabian and the Byerly Turk. If anybody wants the details of importation of Oriental horses into England, up to and including the reign of good Queen Anne, I must refer him to the works of Mr. Osborne and Col. Bruce, as giving details more minute than I could hope to embrace in this little book. The student of breeding cares nothing in this day for the fact that the Godolphin Arabian's great lo Preface. reputation grew out of Hobgoblin's refusal to cover Roxana. What he wants is facts and figures embracing the present day and date. The mere fact that Catton and Emilius were two of the best and most successful stallions between 1820 and 1840, has no bear- ing upon modern breeding because the male lines of those two once-famous sires are now wholly extinct, while that of the despised and calumniated Blacklock — in that era at least — is now at the head of the British turf, through St. Simon and his sons, two of which have already headed the list of winning sires though less than twelve years old. Hence my only endeavors have been to bring this book down to date and modern- ize its contents so far as practicable. The great world is in a great hurry just now, and has but little time to devote to the perusal of ancient history. So I deal with horses of the last sixty years as much as possible, referring the reader to the works of Col. Bruce for the old days in Virginia; and to Mr. Osborne's work for the ancient occurrences on the turf in England and Ireland. They were both better writers than 1 am and had more extensive libraries upon which to draw for information. Hence I make no claim for any great amount of originality in this book, but I can claim truth- fully that its .construction is more orderly and methodical than that of any book that has yet been published on this subject, either in America or in Europe. I naturally expected to make some money out of this book, but fear that 1 shall not have $1000 left after paying all the bills. 1 have received no support from Ken- tucky whatever and none of any extent except from Californians, counting ]\lr. James R. Keene as one. Col. S. D. Bruce's book contained advertisements of 94 stallions of which 68 were owned in Kentucky. In this book there is just one Kentucky stallion owned by a bona fide resident of that State. The truth is, that I am suffering for an- other party's misdeeds. In igo2 a canvass was made for a book to be called ''The History of the Horse," to be published from the office of the New York Spirit of the Times. The brothers Le Berthon got about $42,000 worth of contracts on that book for which they were to receive 50' per cent, as commission. On this amount some $16,000 was paid in checks and turned over to the manager of the Spirit of the Times, who deposited them in the bank to his personal account and drew checks against it to pay the Le Berthons their commissions. No book ever has appeared nor ever will. The manager of the concern got away with a nice little stake and now, when I come to print a book that is needed, I get the frozen lip from men to whose interests I am doing an actual service. Mr. John Le Berthon lives in this city and is respected as a straight and upright man wherever he is known. I would risk my life on his honesty as I have known him nearlv twenty years. He is in no way to blame for the non-appearance of the ''History of the Horse." He did his work and got his pay for it, as was right. The other party who received the checks of Messrs. Whitney, Mackay, Belmont and others, and gave no value in return, is in pretty big luck to be at large and master of his own actions. I have tried also to offend nobody while endeavoring to write impartially and in a spirit of honest criticism. As to what appears in the "Breeders' Hand Book" portion of this work, that is advertising pure and simple ; and the opinions concerning horses published therein are those of their owners and not of myself. Hence I cannot, in any spirit of fairness be held responsible for anything that appears in that part of my work. In the editorial portion of it, ranging from Chapter I to Chapter X, the opinions advanced are all my own and upon them I am ready to stand or fall, in the full belief that the right to applaud carries with it the right to censure as well. I seek to quarrel with no other man's opinions but will endeavor, as far as possible, to have my own respected. And to achieve that end I feel that I must write in a spirit of candor and justice, so that when the end comes to me as it does to all men, those who survive me may remember the injunction of the Moor and ".speak me fair in death — nothing extenuate nor set down aught in malice." P r e f a c e ii The reader who expects to find any such glowing pen-pictures in this book as are to be found in Mr. Porter's description of the great race between Wagner and Grey Eagle, will be disappointed. Nor will he discover in these pages any such crisp and elegant English as characterizes the works of J\Ir .H. H. Dixon, who wrote over the signature of "The Druid," for two reasons : First, because I am not competent to write in a flowery vein, even if I so desired ; and second, because this is a book that is largely technical in its nature and, therefore, all florid rhetoric should be avoided. It is written for the perusal of plain men ; it deals with plain and stubborn facts ; and for that reason should be couched in the plainest language nossible. THOS. B. MERRY. OUR PORTRAIT GALLERl The object of every illustrated work of this sort, especially where the horses of various nations are given, is to give out the representative horse of each nation. I therefore give Persimmon as the representative stallion of England, not that I deem him so good a sire as St. Simon or Stockwell, but because he is the first stallion in English history to head the list of winning sires at nine years of age, as against eleven for Stockwell and twelve for Hermit. As the sire of the great filly Sceptre and that great cup horse, Zinfandel, Persimmon will always occupy a prominent place in English stud history. Lexington is given the place, [^ar excellence, of all native American sires, having gotten more horses of absolute stake form in the same number of foals than any other horse in American history. He headed the list of winning sires for eleven seasons (six years after his death, be it remembered), while no other horse ever was at the top for seven years. His sons did not do well in the stud but his daughters built up repu- tation for at least ten of the best sires between 1870 and the present writing. In this respect the sightless hero of Woodburn is the nearest approach to Sir Peter (foaled 1784), of any horse, since the dawn of the nineteenth century. Flying Fox is given as the representative horse of France, although foaled in England and never having raced in his adopted country. This is because he is the only sire credited with a winner of the Grand Prix de Paris in his eighth year. It is worthy of note that, though several highly approved mares were sent across the channel to him, most of his best winners are from what might be properly called French-bred mares. Mons. Edmond Blanc made no mistake when he paid the enor- mous price of $80,000 for Flying Fox. Merman is given as the representative horse of Australia, for three reasons : First, because no portrait of Yattendon was ever taken ; second, because no picture of the Grand Flaneur was ever painted that could be called a good picture of the horse ; and third, because Merman is, so far as turf performances in England are concerned, a representative horse in the strictest sense of the term. He is the only Colonial-bred horse to win the Ascot Gold Cup ; and the third horse in the long space of eighty years to walk over for a Goodwood Cup, the other two being Stumps in 1826 and The Bard in 1886. Few horses retire to the stud with such a garland of laurels as have en- circled the beautiful neck of the deservedlv great ]Merman. PART I. THE ORIGIN OF THE THOROUGHBRED ^'■Who thundering comes on blackest steed With iron heel and hoof of speed? The ocean s rocky caves resound With stride for stride and bound for bound. "The foam that streaks the courser s side Seems gathered from the ocean tide.'' — Byron. Origin of the Thoroughbred 1 have been freqnentlj' asked ''What is a thoroughbred horse?" and "Wherein does he differ from other horses?" Of course, such a question could only emanate from a person ignorant of the use of the word ''thoroughbred," as a generic term. My answer to this query is that the thoroughbred horse is of Oriental extraction and an animal developed through centuries of cultivation by enlightened nations. You go out upon the hillsides in June and pick the wild strawberries, than which nothing could be of richer taste or more delicate flavor, but the fruit seldom has exceeded one- quarter of an inch in diameter, while under careful cultivation it often attains four times thp.t size. The Thoroughbred horse is the result of a similar degree of industry on the part of mankind. Good food, careful housing from stress of weather and ample care of mares during their period of gestation, have made the thoroughbred horse what he is today, while his Oriental prototype in Asia and Northern Africa is just what he was, so far as concerns size, power and liberty of action, five centuries ago. The stride of the average Arabian or Barbary horse is about seventeen feet, at the very apex of his speed, while almost any American or English thoroughbred will cover from twenty-one to twenty-three feet when fully extended. The famous Alabama mare, Peytona, so called from having won the $44,000 Peyton Stake at Nashville in 1843, ran on twenty-eight feet, but the effort was so great that she could not be relied upon to run more than two good races in any one year. The first instance given us in history of any attempt to improve the breed of horses in England, which is just as much the cradle of the thoroughbred horse now as ever it was, was in the ninth century when Hugh Capet, King of France, sought the hand of the English princess, Ethelwilda, in marriage and sent some horses, bred in France from sires of Oriental nativity, as a present to her brother, Athelstane, then King of Great Britain. Later, during the reign of William the Conqueror, we find that Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, sent to Spain for stallions to breed cavalry horses on his estates at Powisland. It is almost certain that these Shrewsbury horses were bred from the "Barbs" introduced into Spain by the Moors, in the days of the "Cid Cam- peador." In the reign of the first Richard matches were run for large sums of money but there seems to have been a hiatus between that period and the reign of Edward III who, in 1326, received a present of two fleet coursers from the King of Navarre and bestowed some valuable gifts upon the messenger who brought them. It was not until 1509 that King Henry VTII (who was a victim to the matrimonial habit) conceived the idea of establishing a Royal Stud at Bushcy Park near where Cardinal Wolsey held forth in the zenith of his power. It is quite probable that the interregnum in the breeding of fine horses in England was caused by the "War of Roses" between the rival horses of York and Lancaster; and that the revival of breeding of high-class horses had its inception with the receipt of some mares by ''Bluff Hal" from the Duke of Mantua. i6 '-The American Thoroughbred It was not to be wondered at that King Henry's daughter, the "Virgin Queen" (who was a virgin if she did pull up her skirts to the French envoy, Bassompiere, and slap her thigh for his amusement) gave all possible encouragement to racing, for, while she had no horses trained or raced in her own name, she had additional breeding farms at Richmond, St. Albans, Windsor, Greenwich and Waltham ; and the sales of horses produced at those farms proved an important addition to the royal revenues. At her death and the succession of King James 1 to the throne, came the first royal endorse- ment of racing which caused it to be called the "Sport of Kings." It was said that several fine Moorish bred stallions had swam ashore from the wreck of the "In- vincible Armada" and landed on the coast of Scotland, from which had been bred some rapid horses ; and there it was that the young monarch, during his nonage, had acquired his love of racing as well as his superb seat in the saddle. The fact that James "pulled up stakes" at the London palaces and removed his court to Newmarket during the summer months, is the best proof that he was very fond of the big game. ( See the "History of Newmarket," written in the most graceful style by the late Mr. J. P. Hore.) What impresses me most curiously (although it may not others) is that the young successor to Elizabeth should have taken such an interest in racing ; and that no pre- pared chronicles of performances on the turf should have been handed down from that era to our own. Although but few names have been preserved and those only in an in- cidental fashion, yet a few have survived the wreck of Time, for Mr. Gervase Markham mentions a horse called Grey Valentine who was never beaten, according to his say-so. Hence the bestowal of first honors in that direction to Childers and O'Kelly's Eclipse seems to have been a popular error. In Markham's chronicles, he mentions Pepper- mint, Franklin and Whitefoot as performers of great distinction, while Grey Dellaval, owned by the Earl of Northumberland, comes in for a still wider meed of praise. These are the first English turf horses, therefore, to receive any individual mention. Mr. Markham then goes on to quote from the Treasury records of King James' reign which show that "there were four boys annually apprenticed, on small stipends, to the King's jockeys and the Master of the Horse w^s held responsible for their good con- duct." No mention, however, is made of any horse owned by the nobles of King James court, although it is well known that the Duke of Buckingham, to whom Eng- land was indebted for the importation of the Helmsley Turk, was the King's favorite and one of the chief moving spirits at Newmarket. Many Eastern horses were im- ported during the reign of James I, but the only one accorded any special mention is the Markham Arabian for which the King paid the big price of £500, according to the Duke of Newcastle, but the royal records of expenditure place the sum at about one- third of that amount. For all the good he ever did the British Stud, this horse might as well have remained in Syria. At this time there were race-meetings held all over England, especially at Doncaster, Salisbury and Chester, where the Roodee was built for similar purposes by the Romans. Charles the First succeeded James and it was during his reign that the first really valuable importation of Oriental blood took place. This was a horse first called the Buckingham Turk, but was sold by his noble owner to a Mr. Helmsley. whence he got the name of "The Helmsley Turk." As to whether he ever raced or not, history is silent, but as the sire of Bustler, Vixen and "Hutton's Royal Colt" (whose dam was a Sedbury Royal mare) he certainly placed himself on record. In Mr. Haggin's catalogues of 1904, containing the dams of .323 yearlings, I find no less than 19 tracing to a mare by Bustler, son of this selfsame Helmsley Turk. The English Stud Book, however, yields no information concerning Bustler other than that he was by Helmsley Turk, yet his blood comes down to the present day through Blunderbuss, Bolton Starling, Old Merlin, Bolton Sweepstakes and the "Blacklegs mare," which was the dam of Marske, sire of the unbeaten Eclipse, while from Vixen, also by the Helmsley Turk, are derived many of our best horses. Vixen's dam was an imported mare — the The Origin of the '•Thoroughbred ly dam of Dodsworth also, but she must have produced more than these two for she was twenty years old when she dropped Vixen. This Barb mare was one of the mares in the Royal stud formed by Charles II, on whose death she was sold to Mr. Coke, who bred Vixen from her. When the war had subsided, several valuable importations were made, about the best of which was a white stallion imported by Mr. Place, who was stud master to Oliver Cromwell ; and there is hardly an English horse of note that does not show from one to four crosses of this horse, known as "Place's White Turk.'" He got Com- moner and Hautboy, both great performers in their day. It is a good strain of blood and is specially conspicuous in the pedigrees of Matchem and Woodpecker, as well as in the dam of Snap ; and is also to be found in Lady Thigh and "the Widdington mare," both as conspicuous in their day as are Pocahontas and Ellen Home in our own. His daughters were greater, however, as grand dams and great-grand dams than in the first generation, one of these being the grand dam of Grey Ramsden, Cartouch and Wynd- ham. They were also the ancestors of Whitefoot by Bay Bolton ; Torismond by Star- ling, Alcides by Babraham ; and Sweepstakes by The Gower Stallion. The Brimmer mare, whose dam was by Place's White Turk, was the dam of the noted Makeless, the grand dam being by Dodsworth (sire of Dicky Pierson) out of the Layton Barb mare, founder of the No. 4 family in Bruce Lowe's system, to which trace Iroquois, Belyidere, Kentucky and Sir Dixon in America ; and Alice Hawthorn, Thormanby, Kisber, Wen- lock and Apology in England. The Royal mares purchased abroad by Sir John Fenwick, Master of the Horse to Charles II, at the King's personal expense, produced many good horses but the natural Barb mare which produced Dodsworth must have been clearly the best, for she gave birth to him shortly after her arrival and he therefore, not withstanding he was foaled in England, was manifestly an Oriental horse. If Dodsworth had never gotten any- thing but Dicky Pierson, that alone should have made him famous, for it was to the union of Dicky Pierson with the "Burton Barb mare," founder of the No. 2 family in Bruce Lowe's system, that we owe such equine wonders as Harkaway, Voltigeur, Martyrdom, Lord Clifden and last, but far from least, the Australian phenomenon Carbine, who won the Melbourne Cup with 145 lbs., two miles in 3 :28^. But beyond Dodsworth's dam there is but little account of these Royal Mares. Lord D'Arcy, about that time, imported two Turkish stallions, called the D'Arcy Turk and D'Arcy's Yel- low Turk. The former was located at Sedbury, whence he is often called the Sedbury Turk ; and it is to a union of this horse with one of the Royal mares at that place that we owe the origin of the No. 11 famil> of which St. Simon (premier sire of Eng- land for nine seasons) is the most prominent exemplar. The Yellow Turk, imported at the same time, was also a success in the stud, being the sire of the famous Brimmer, while from Lord Fairfax's Morocco Barb mare he got the equalh' celebrated Spanker. The student of pedigrees of noted horses foaled prior to 1750, will find these two ITirks very frequently. During the reign of Charles 11 there were also two valuable importations, the Thoulouse Barb and the Curwen Bay Barb. These horses were brought over from France by a Mr. Curwen, of Cumberland, as a present to King Charles from "Le Grand Monarque," who thought more of his mistresses than anything else. They had been presented to him by Muley Ismail, King of Morocco ; and had been brought from Barbary in one of the King's war vessels, commanded by Admiral le Comte de Tholouse, who was one of His Majesty's "catch colts," as they say in Oregon. Another of the King's illegitimate offspring, the Comte de Byram, was Master of the Horse to the King at that very time. The Curwen Barb was just thirteen hands high, but all his progeny were larger, probably owing to such care as he never received himself when a foal. The best of his get was Mixbury, who became a great race horse but a very poor sire. His full sisters, however, were great matrons, one of them being the dam 1 8 The American 'Thoroughbred of Little Scar, Partner, Soreheels and the dam of Crab ; while the other sister pro- duced Silver Eye, Hazard and Quiet. But it was in 171 1 that the Curwen Bay Barb most distinguished himself by begetting Brockelsby Betty from Mr. Leedes' Hobby mare by The Lister Turk, also called The Stradling. To this Brocklesby Betty trace, in female tail line such great performers as Songstress and Cyprian, winners of the Epsom Ocks ; Starke and Prioress, bred in America but great winners in England over forty years ago ; and last but not least. Domino and Hamburg, of our own day. It was during the reign of James H that the Duke of Berwick, at the siege of Buda, in Hungary in 1686, captured the horse now known as "The Lister Turk." the Duke having sold him to Mr. Lister, of Lincolnshire, who bred many great ones from him. He became the sire of Coneyskins, Snake, Piping Peg and the Duke of Kingston's Brisk. Through Snake and Coneyskins this Lister Turk had become one of the leading Eastern factors in the British Stud; and "which I wish to remark," asjthe late Bret Harte would have put it, that while we claim English Eclipse (foaled 1764) as the chief and only surviving exponent of the Darley Arabian's male line, an examination of his pedigree will show that Eclipse had but one cross of the Darley Arabian, as against two of the Godolphin Arabian, five of the Lister Turk and nine of Place's White Turk. "Now will you be good?" In the reign of William and Mary, during the war in Ireland where the "BaUk-" of the Boyne was fought, not far from the present site of Drogheda, Capt. Byerly rode an imported Turkish horse, to whom he was indebted for the fact that he was not capt- ured by the irate Paudheens. After "this cruel war was over" this horse was taken to England, where he became one of the pillars of the stud. His best sons on the turf were Spite, JBlock Hearty and Basto, sire of the great Soreheels. None of these were great sires, but his son Jigg got Partner, foaled 1718. Partner got Tartar, who was mated with Cypron by Blaze and produced Herod, the greatest horse of his day, foaled six years before Eclipse. Herod got Highflyer, Woodpecker, Anvil, Phenomenon (imported to America) and a host of other heroes. His get were nineteen years on the turf during which they won £201.505 in money (with racing prizes worth about one- eighth of their present value) besides nine gold cups and forty-three hogsheads of claret. During the reign of William and Mary were imported into England the noted Barb horses Chillaby and Slugey, sometimes called Sloughby, a mare claimed by the Morocco people to be desired as a mate for Chillaby, to whom she produced Greyhound, a noted stallion of that day and sire of the Duke of Wharton's Othello. About the same time were imported the Selaby Turk, sire of the Coppin mare, to which trace Emilius in England and St. Charles, St. Carlo and all the descendants of imported Camilla in America. The Akaster Turk and the Harper Arabian were also imported about this time. The Akaster Turk was the sire of Chanter and Sister to Chanter, that mare being the dam of Lord Godolphin's gray mare Roxana, the dam of Lath and Cade by the Godolphin Arabian. Lath was the best performer and Cade the best sire, his line being still in existence, through Matchem, Conductor, Trumpator, Sorcerer, Comus, Humphrey Clinker and Melbourne, it being through the latter only that the line now exists. The Honeywood Arabian was another importation during this reign. He came over to England as the property of Sir John Williams, for which reason he is often known as the "Williams Turk." but he was not a Turk at all. Mr. Honeywood put his Byerly Turk mare to him and the result of that union was True Blue, who proved so good a turf horse that Mr. Honeywood decided to purchase his sire, in consequence of which the horse was forever afterward known as the "Honeywood Arabian." True Blue beat Chanter and six others for the King's Plate at York in 1716, besides winning several other valuable prizes. As the result ,of this, the Byerly Turk mare was again mated with the Honevwood Arabian and that foal was called Young True Blue. While The Origin of the T'horoughbred 19 there have been other successful turf families, there is no sire family anywhere near this No. 3 in the Bruce Lowe system, to which trace the following great sires of history: Stockwell t Rataplan QD King Tom Flying Dutchman * Lanercost A Tramp D Isinglass *t Musket Alex Berserken Mast. Kildare CS St. Patrick t Post Restante Kettledrum * Flatcatcher Elthiron CS Hobbie Noble W Pyrrhus I* Gen. Peel t Velocipede Galopin * Van Tromp tQ Rayon d'Or tj Eothen Slight of Hand Toxophilite GM Sir Peter * Eclipse Nuneham Quicklime CS IMl'OKTED TO CALIFOR- NIA. Conveth True Briton Abercorn (Aust.) Vanderdecken (Aust) Maribyrnong (Aust.) Ferryman (Aust.) KingofAnglers(Aust) Talbof the Hill (Aust) Of the 31 stallions named above, 11 got winners of the Derby; 10 got winners of the St. Leger, and got 10 winners of the Oaks, the hardest race on earth for a three-year-old filly; 5 got winners of the 2000 guineas, and g got winners of the toco guineas. The two greatest sires from the dam of the two True Blues are Sir Peter, foaled in 1784, and Derby winner in 1787 ; and Stockwell, foaled in 1849, and winner of the Two Thousand Guineas and St. Leger of 1852. The reader is referred to "The Great Table," to be found in the latter part of this book, for further particulars as to what these great sires achieved in the stud. There is no mark placed after Eothen, imported into America by the late David D. Withers, but the interesting fact remains that he is, up to date, the only stallion, whether native or imported, to get two winners of the Realization Stakes at Coney Island, which is in nine years out of ten. the severest three-year-old race in all America. As for Abercorn, he was certainly the best race horse ever foaled in Australia and the handsomest big horse I ever saw. Queen Anne succeeded to the throne of England in 1702 and to her, more than any other sovereign of that kingdom, the racing world is indebted for the presence of the thoroughbred horse of today. Shortly after her accession to the throne, a Mr. William Darley, living near New York, received a present of an Arabian stallion from his brother living abroad, the horse being a bay with a star and snip and four white feet. ( It was owing to his resemblance to a portrait of this famous horse that Dr. Elisha Warfield, of Lexington, Ky., gave the name of "Darley" to his bay colt, foaled in 1850, by Boston out of Alice Carneal by imp. Sarpedon but, after the colt had won all his stakes, he yielded to the persuasion of his friends and re-christened him "Lex- ington." And as such he goes down to history, the only stallion in the world to head the list of Winning Sires for eleven years ; and as the greatest sire of broodmares the world has ever known, being just as far ahead of Pantaloon, St. Albans, Mel- bourne, Orlando, Stockwell, King Tom and Hermit, as one horse can be ahead of another. It is to be generally regretted that none of his sons were able to perpetuate his fame ; and I confidently expect, from all present indications, that his male line, like that of Catton and Emilius, in the earlier part of the last century, will be wholly extinct by 1950. The Darley Arabian is. of course, the male line ancestor of Eclipse, whose descend- ants have won two Derbys and almost three St. Legers to any other family's one. No Herod line colt has won the Derby since 1879; nor has any of this line won a St. Leger since Ossian carried it off in 1883. Sir Visto, by Barcaldine, was the last Matchem line horse to win either a Derby or a St. Leger, he absorbing both those races in 1895, but, judging from his subsequent performances, he was a very ordinary * Won the Derby; t won the St. Ledger; A won the Ascot Cup; D won the Doncaster; G won the Goodwood; Q won the Queen's Vase at Ascot; CS won the City and Suburban; J won the Jockey Club Cup; N won tlie New Stakes, Ascot; GM won the Grand Duke Michael Stakes; Alex won the Alexandra Plate, 3 miles. 20 The American Thoroughbred horse ahd fit to go into a class with Sir Bevys, Amato, Merry Hampton and Phos- phorus. All the rest have been a case of "Eclipse first and the rest nowhere." Yet the man who reviews the pedigree of Eclipse and that of his most distinguished great- grandsons, Whalebone, Whisker and Woful (full brothers) will find that the Godolphin Arabian is nearly four times as prominent a factor in those three great brothers as was the Darley Arabian ; and the same is true, but in a much smaller degree, of Eclipse himself. My own idea of the three great cardinal lines has always been. Eclipse for speed, Herod for quality and Matchem for substance. In 1715 Mr. Childers had a favorite mare called Betty Leedes, by Careless, which he mated with the Darley Arabian, the produce being the horse called Flying Childers or sometimes "Devonshire Childers." This was by long odds the fastest horse seen on the British turf up to that time. In the following year she was mated with him again and produced "Bartlett's Childers," which was never trained, but proved to be the best sire of any of his get. Bartlett's Childers got Squirt (foaled 1732) from a sister to Old Country Wench by Snake. Squirt got Marske (foaled 1750) from a daughter of Blacklegs (foaled 1725) and Marske got Eclipse (foaled 1764) from Spiletta (1749) by Regulus (1739) he by the Godolphin Arabian. Eclipse's tabulation will be found complete in the chapter headed the "Three Cardinal Lines." Nearly contemporaneous with the importation of the Darley Arabian, was that of the horse known as the Leedes Arabian, purchased from his importer by Mr. Leedes, of North Milford in Yorkshire, who was the breeder of Tartar, Careless and other good ones. This horse got many good ones but the best were Dyers' Dimple and Leedes, the latter's dam being by Spanker atid of a Morocco Barb mare, she being also the dam of Charming Jenny, who produced Betty Leedes, she being the dam of Flying Childers and Bartlett's Childers. Queen Anne had an enormous breeding establish- ment at Hampton Court and was herself a great patron of racing but no official racing record was published in those days. In 1714, a great racing meeting was being held at the Rawcliffe Ings, on the bank of the river Ouse, near York ; and Orton, in his chronicles of that day, states that one hundred and fifty-six carriages were on the ground, filled largely with representatives of the nobility. There were two races run that day, both at four-mile heats, one a plate of £40 for aged horses, won by Her Majesty's b. h. Star, he taking the third and fourth heats from Hon. Mr. Cecil's ch. h. Creeper, who won the second, and the Lord Chamberlain's Merlin, who won the first. The other race was also run in four heats and was for a gold cup of £100 value, the gift of Her Majesty. It was won by Mr. Childers" bay mare Duchess, ridden by R. Hesseltine, she taking the first and fourth heats. Mr. Pierson's bay horse Foxhunter won the second, and the third heat was decided, on account of some bad riding, to have been "no heat" and the horses were ordered to run again. The races were barely con- cluded when a messenger arrived at the course with the unwelcome news that Her Majesty was dead; and that the privy council had declared Prince George, of Hanover, as the nearest rightful heir to the vacant throne and had proclaimed him King of England under the title of George I. Queen Anne did more towards fostering the breeding interests of England than all other British sovereigns combined, as during her reign, were imported twenty-four Oriental horses, consisting of nine Arabians, eight Barbs, six Turks and one Persian horse. The total number of importations, since the beginning was ninety Arabians, forty-six Barbs, thirty-two Turks, four Persians and two "foreign horses" whose origin could not be well authenticated, one being owned by Sir Thomas Gascoigne and the other by Sir W. Goring, and are always alluded to as such, in pedigrees wherein they may occur. In all, up to the accession of George I, the first of the Hanoverian dynasty that ended with Victoria, the only bright spot in the Hanoverian reign, there had been brought into England a total of 174 importations, of which the Arabians comprised over 50 per cent. Of these 174 horses, so imported, the male lines of only The Origin of the Thoroughbred 21 Ihree are now in existence — those of the Darley Arabian, Byerly Turk and Godolphin Arabian, claimed by many to have been a Barb, but I was never a believer in that theory. I have not given a complete list of these Oriental stallions as I consider them to have been sufficiently exploited in the works of Mr. Joseph Osborne (Beacon) and Col. Sanders D. Bruce, the latter having enlarged upon them more fully than did Mr. Osborne ; and to such readers as may desire their amplification I refer their works. My book is to be more modern, if it can possibly be made so, and I have no time to thresh over old straw. The reader of today is desirous of becoming more familiar with the horses of today and few men are constituted mentally to become devout stu- dents of ancient history. This becomes more evident as you converse with the younger classes of race-goers, many of whom can tell you, to a fraction of a second, how fast Highball covered Washington Park in the American Derby; or whether the track was fast under foot or muddy when Gold Heels won the Suburban, or when Irish Lad lugged off the Brooklyn Handicap. They can give you the names of the three placed horses in all the more important annual American events, together with the weights carried, and the sire and dam of each winner. But the grandsires and granddams, as well as the cardinal lines to which they owe their origin, are "All Greek" to them. The reader can therefore judge for himself why I have not expanded upon the Oriental importa- tions of stallions into England up to the coronation of the first of the Hanoverian Kings. The present generation cares but little for the history of honored antiques, es- pecially for horses like Catton, Muley and Emilius (great ones in their respective eras, to be sure), whose male lines have become wholly extinct. Emilius was the greatest sire of England from 1832 to 1848, but his last male line descendant died in Eastern Oregon a year or two ago. His name was Villard and he was by Lodi out of Rosa Mansfield by Rivoli, son of Revenue. The fact that the lines of the Darley Arabian, the Byerly Turk and the Godolphin have survived all others is the best proof of their fitness. The more modern exponents of these great Oriental sires, are Eclipse, foaled 1764, as the examplar of the Darley Arabian ; Herod, foaled in 1758, of the Byerly Turk ; and Matchem, foaled 1748, of the Godolphin. It is easily seen why the two first named should have outbred the last, for Matchem was sixteen years older than Eclipse, for which reason he could have covered but few daughters of Herod and none at all of Eclipse. The modern horse showed a superiority for Herod's line in the two first generations for, as much scientific breeding as we have since done. Sir Peter, foaled in 1784, is the only stallion in history to get four winners each of the Derby and St. Leger, and two of the Oaks. Waxy, an Eclipse horse, foaled in 1790, is the only other stallion in history to get four Derby winners and he never got one of the St. Leger. After 1810 the Eclipse blood began to assert its superiority and it has been in the stud as on the turf, "Eclipse first and the rest nowhere." No Herod horse has won a Derby since 1879, nor a St. Leger since 1883. The Godolphin Arabian, the most noted of all the Eastern sires in his own day and generation, was a dark bay horse, almost brown, and believed (from his teeth) to have been foaled in 1724. It is said that he was rescued by a benevolent Quaker from the cruelty of a drayman in the streets of Paris by purchasing him and sending him over to England, where he became the property of a Mr. Coke, who then pre- sented him to one Williams, keeper of a Coffee-House in London. Some claim that he was a Barb but the Arabian groom who attended him all the time he was at Lord Godolphin's stud (Gog Magog) said he had known the horse in Arabia, where he was known as "Zenada" and sometimes called "Scham" (meaning the chief) by way o:5 compliment. Lord Godolphin made him a teaser to his stallion Hobgoblin, who was by Aleppo (son of the Darley Arabian) out of Mr. Brewster's "Old Hautboy" mare, foaled about 1730. On Hobgoblin's refusal to cover Roxana (by the Bald Galloway) the Arab groom let "Zenada" cover her and no further intercourse was necessary for. 22 The American Thoroughbred in the following year, she produced a bay foal which Lord Godolphin called Lath from his having such flat sides, but a marvelously fine galloper. A year later she produced Cade, who was nowhere such a racer as Lath but outbred him completely, getting high- class racers from all sorts and conditions of mares. This subject will be dealt with more fully under the space devoted to Matchem in the section of this work entitled "The Three Cardinal Lines." The male line of the Godolphin Arabian is noted for heavier bone and more substance than the lines of the Byerly Turk or the Darley Arabian. It is now wholly extinct save through Melbourne, whose sire, Humphrey Clinker, who was probably the largest thoroughbred stallion ever foaled. He is said by those who saw him (for he died shortly after I was born) to have stood 17 hands, i^ inches high and to have measured 9^ inches around his forward cannon bones and 9H under his hocks. His line, thanks to the enterprise of Mr. A. Keene Richards, of George- town, Ky., who imported Millington (afterwards called imp. Australian) a ch. h. foaled 1858, is now more abundant and more successful than in England, France or Australia, which can only be regarded by intelligent breeders as a rare stroke of good fortune. Some eighteen years ago, Mr. James B. Haggin imported from Australia a brown horse named Darebin, by The Peer, a son of Melbourne and a brother of the Oaks winner Marchioness. This gave us a new branch of the blood of ]\Iatchem which does not now exist in England. While Darebin has gotten no sire of great note, his daughters are as good broodmares as can be found in America ; and I must be allowed to express the belief that Darebin was a valuable importation, even if he had not gotten any great performers. I have more than once wondered what would have been his place in history had he been given as great opportunities as were accorded to Sal- vator, owned by the same breeder. He has certainly bred more bone than any other horse I know. I opened this chapter with the question ''What Is a Thoroughbred Horse?" The reader of these pages, written at the patriarchal age of three-score-and-ten, must de- cide for himself as to whether I have answered this conundrum to his entire satis- faction. PART II. The Three Cardinal Lines '■'■For what I am about to tell Is true as that the De'il's in h — // Or Dublin City!' — Swift. The Three Cardinal Lines I have shown in the foregoing chapter, that the thoroughbred horse is simply de- veloped from the Oriental horse by centuries of cultivation and good treatment. As a proof of this I may state that the Godolphin x\rabian was the tallest of the three great surviving leaders of Oriental lines (being fourteen hands three inches high, while his grandson, Babraham, was the first horse of thoroughbred blood known, by actual measurement, to be sixteen hands high ; and very few Arabians of the present day (a large number of which were imported into Australia, lietween 1850 and 1885) were over fourteen hands high. Having described the only three Oriental horses whose male lines are now extant — the Darley Arabian, the Byerly Turk and the Godolphin Arabian — the latter being much the strongest factor up to 1800, I now come to their more modern exponents, Eclipse, Herod and Matchem, all other lines from these three Oriental sires being now- extinct. DARLEY ARABIAN BYERLY TURK. GODOLPHIN ARABIAN. Bartlett's Childers. Jigg. Cade, 1734. Squirt, 1732. Partner, 1718. ^latchem, 1748. Marske, 1750. Tartar, 1743. Eclipse, 1764. Herod, 1758. By the above it appears that Eclipse and Herod were four generations removed from their fountain head while Matchem, ten years older than Herod and but sixteen years older than Eclipse, was but two. I therefore take up the eldest of the three first. Matchem was a bay horse foaled 1748 and bred by Mr. John Holme, of Carlisle. He was not trained until five years old when he raced as the property of William Fenwick, of Bywell in Northumberland. He won his first race for the subscription purse of 160 guineas at York, beating Barforth Billy by Forester and Bold by Cade. He won six races without experiencing a single defeat, when he was beaten (at seven years old) by Spectator, but beat Drawcansir at four miles, a few days later. In 1758 he won the Jockey Club plate at four miles, but was subsequently beaten by Mirza, Jason third. Feather (favorite) fourth and Forester last. His last race was in that same year for a £50 plate at Scarborough, in which he beat Foxhunter and Sweetlips. He then retired permanently to the stud, at the low fee of five guineas, which was in- creased to ten in 1765, twenty in 1770 and fifty in 1775. He was then twenty-seven years old but got nineteen foals in that year. Matchem's get were on the turf just twenty-three seasons, during which they won £150,097. He died at the ripe age of 23 years in the spring of 1781. Herod was bred by H. R. H. the Duke of Cuml)erland and was subsequently sold to Sir John Moore. He won his first five races, three of them matches of 1000 guineas each, and met with his first defeat in a match of 1000 guineas each against Sir James Lowther's Ascham, to whom he was giving 14 pounds. He then was beaten 26 'The American Thoroughbred three straight races by Turf, Bay Malton (twice) and then wound up his turf career by beating his old antagonist, Ascham, for looo guineas aside, over the Beacon course (four miles) at Newmarket. Herod retired to the stud in 1770. He never got a Derby winner but got two winners of the St. Leger and three of the Oaks. The best of his get were Anvil, Phenomenon, Highflyer, Florizel, Bagot, Fortitude, Woodpecker and Telamachus. Considered as sires. Highflyer, Woodpecker and Florizel were his best three. His get were on the turf nineteen seasons, during which they won £201,505 in money, seven cups and forty-three hogsheads of claret. He also showed himself a won- derful broodmare sire, getting the dams of Waxy, whose male line has won more of the classical events than any other sire ; and of Aimator, Gohanna and his brother. Precipitate, Gustavus, Beningbrough (St. Leger 1784 and sire of the great Orville) Calomel, Coriander, Dungannon (winner of 26 races, 13 at four mile beats), Imperator, Overton and Worthy, all more or less famed as sires. He also got the dam of Contes- sina (by Young Marske) from whom is descended, in female tail line, the great Isonomy. Herod's greatest fee was 25 guineas, but he obtained that in his third year. His male line now exists only through three of his sons — Woodpecker, Highflyer and Florizel, whose son, Diomed, was imported to America in 1799. Herod died May 12, 1780, aged 22 years For the first two generations Herod's line was far in advance of all others through Highflyer and his great son. Sir Peter, whose fifth dam was the dam of the two True Blues, the founder of the No. 3 family in Bruce Lowe's system. The reader will also note that Sir Peter was conversely inbred to the Byerly Turk, that horse being his fifth sire and the sire of his fifth dam. The great Australian stallion, Chester, and the equally famous New Zealand stallion, Sir Modred, imported by Mr. James B. Haggin, and premier sire of America in 1894. were both conversely inbred likewise. But it was not through Highflyer and Sir Peter alone that Herod triumphed, for Wood- pecker got Buzzard in 1787 and he got the Oaks winner Bronze and the St. Leger win- ner Quiz. But Buzzard's honors did not end there, for from a daughter of Alexander (by Eclipse-Grecian Pruicess) he got those three great brothers, Selim, Castrel and Ru- bens, ranking as sires in the order named. Selim got 152 winners of £55.253> beside the Whip and 9 gold cups. Castrel was a "roarer" and was very much avoided by se- lect breeders on that account. Nevertheless he got 42 winners of £11,726 and six gold cups. Rubens was the youngest of the trio, all foaled in four years. He won seven races out of eleven and, at the stud, became the most popular stallion of his time, getting two Oaks winners and one of the Two Thousand Guineas. Castrel died at 26, Selim at 23 and Rubens at 25. Rubens got 231 winners of a total of £73-031, besides thirty-three gold cups. His male line became extinct more than twenty years ago, while Castrel's line sur' vives through Pantaloon, Windhound, Thormanby and Atlantic in France and Sir Mod- red and Cheviot in America. Selim's male line descends to us through Sultan, Bay Middleton, Glencoe, Vandal, Virgil, Hindoo, Hanover and his great sons, Hamburg, Handspring, Handsel, The Commoner and Buck Massie. The blood of Florizel was strongly exploited in the United States through Diomed, the first winner of the Epsom Derby, who was imported into America in 1799 at the ripe age of 22 years. Diomed, old as he was, managed to get two great performers in Ball's Florizel (never beaten) and Sir Archy, the greatest sire of the first half of the nineteenth century. Ball's Florizel's male line soon became extinct. Orphan being the only good sire in all his get. But Sir Archy was the great premier of his era, getting forty odd good performers and ten or a dozen sires of whom several became premiers. Timoleon, Sir Charles and Virginian, Sir Charles heading the winning sires' list as late as 1839 when his son Wagner carried ofif the $20,000 Post Stake at Louisville. Duroc, the =ire of the unbeaten American Eclipse, who raced till nine years old and lost by a neck the fastest heat of four miles ever ran up to that time (7:37/^) was also by imported Diomed. Eclipse got several good sires, the best of which was Medoc, 'The Three Cardinal Lines 2j premier sire of America in 1840 and 1841. Medoc's daughters did a great deal towards building up the reputations of Wagner and Glencoe, the two most popular stallions in America between 1845 and i860. It was from i860 to 1877 that the blood of Florizel; through Diomed and thence down to Lexington, foaled 1850, had its greatest innings. Lexington outbred all horses of his day but his excellence ended with himself. He headed the list of winning sires for eleven seasons, no other stallion either native or im- ported, being able to cope with him save Leamington : and yet none of his sons were ever better than third on the list — War Dance — and he was only for one season. The late August Belmont (who died in 1890) imported over $25,000 worth of fashionably- bred English mares, in the hope of getting some son of Lexington that would equal the father^ but all in vain. His best sons were War Dance, Kingfisher, Norfolk and Wanderer ; and they were all good without any of them being entitled to be called great. The best horse that ever came from his male line was Grinstead, a grandson who was by Gilroy (Lexington-IVIagnolia) a full brother to Daniel Boone and Ken- tucky. He sufifered from being a private stallion and all his get were raced out of one stable — Mr. Elias J. Baldwin's, of Santa Anita, California. Had Grinstead's services been accessible to the public, or had Mr. Baldwin sold his yearlings at auction. Grin- stead's progeny would have had a much better showing to their credit. The only line of Diomed now extant is that through Boston and Lexington ; and if that line is in ex- istence by the year 1925, I miss my reckoning very badly. Eclipse, foaled in 1764, was a chestnut horse by Marske, son of Squirt, he by Bartlett's Childers. His dam was Spiletta by Regulus, son of the Godolphin Arabian who died in 1753. Eclipse took his name from the great eclipse of the sun which pre- vailed on the day he was foaled ; and was bred by H. R. H. William, Duke of Cumber- land, who also bred Herod. At four years old Eclipse was broken to ride and sold to Mr. Wildman, who shortly afterwards sold one-half interest in him to a noted Irish gambler of that day, Col. Dennis O'Kelly. Eclipse won his first race at Epsom on the 3rd day of May, 1769, for a plate of £50 which he won with ease in a field of five. Gower, by Sweepstakes, was second ; Chance, by Young Cade, third, while Trial and Plume were unplaced. The scale of weights at that time was 118 pounds on five-year- olds and 129 on six-year-olds and aged horses. The next race he ran, O'Kelly offered to bet iijOoo that he could place the horses. On the wager being accepted, O'Kelly said, ''Eclipse first — the rest nowhere." He then instructed his jockey to ride so as to distance the field, which was obeyed to the letter and O'Kelly won his bet. He had already paid 650 guineas for one-half of the horse and now he became the owner of the other half for 1,100 guineas. Eclipse won nine races in all that year, including a gold bowl at Salisbury, two Town Plates and six Royal Plates. The next year he got a long list of winning brackets, some of which he won at odds of 10 to i ; and in his great race over the Round Course, against Pensioner Chigger and Diana, they not only bet 10 to I that he would win, but, after the first heat, bet 7 to 4, in very large sums, that he would distance Pensioner, which he did. Eclipse won nine races in 1770, making eighteen in all without a single defeat, and was then retired to the stud at 50 guineas per mare, whence came forth his progeny to conquer as he had done before them. His get won f 158,047 in twenty-three years, winning long after his death. Eclipse first stood at Clay Hill, near Epsom, where his fee was 50 guineas. He died February 26th, 1787, aged 22, years, at the Cannons, in Surrey, not far from Cobham, his fee being but 30 guineas for two years before his death. This goes to prove what I have already as- serted— that Herod's get surpassed those of Eclipse for the first two generations. Had the young Eclipses beaten the young Herods, there would have been no need of reduc- ing Eclipse's service fee, from £50 to £30, a shrinkage of 40 per cent. But after the second generation of each horse had passed, then came the revulsion, which has never wavered for a moment. It became a rehearsal of O'Kelly's famous bet, "Eclipse first and the rest nowhere." Eclipse got three Derby winners to Herod's 2S The American "Thoroughbred none, one of the best of which was Sahram, afterwards nnported to America. Before leaving England, however, Saltram got Whiskey out of Calash by Herod, she being the dam of Paragon who won the St. Leger of 1786; and Whiskey was about the best stal- lion of that day. He got Eleanor, winner of the Derby and Oaks of 1801, who also beat the great Orville three times at cup distances ; and he was also the sire of Pelisse, winner of the Oaks, and other capital performers. Among the great broodmares got- ten by Whiskey were those two great sisters, Julia, dam of Phantom, who won the Derby in 181 1 and ran second to Soothsayer in the St. Leger; and Cressida, dam of Priam, who not only won the Derby of 1830 in a common canter Ijut also won the Goodwood cup at 4 years with 128 pounds and at 5 with 139 pounds without being ex- tended. Young Eclipse, also a Derby winner, figures in some good pedigrees but died too young to achieve any marked success. Of Eclipse's sons that were the sires of classical winners, we may mention Alexander and his full brother, Don Quixote ; King Fergus, sire of two St. Leger winners ; Mercury and Meteor, both sires of Oaks win- ners ; Volunteer, who got a winner each of the Derby and Oaks ; and last but not the least Pot-8-os, who got two Derb}' winners in Champion and Wax}-, the former being the better race horse and the latter the greater sire, by long odds. Other good sires by Eclipse were Boudrow, Joe Andrews, Dungannon, Jupiter, Hermes, Javelin, Soldier and Zodiac; and he got the dams of Bobtail (Chanticleer), Haphazard, John Bull (Derby winner). Master Bagot, Phenomenon (St. Leger), Oberon, Skyscraper, Scotilla, Stam- ford, Archduke and other great notables. Of all of Eclipse's great and worthy sons, both on the turf and in the stud, there are now extant only the male lines of Pot-8-os, King Fergus and Joe Andrews, all others having "gone a-glimmerin' thro' the gloom." Joe Andrews was nothing great himself but he got Dick Andrews, and Dick got the Oaks winner Manuella and her full sister Altisdora, who won the St. Leger in the very next year, as well as Cwrw, who won the Two Thousand, but the greatest of all of Dick Andrews" get was the stout little bay horse Tramp who won the Doncaster cup of 1814, when it was a far more important race than now, he being the first three- year-old to carry off that event. The distance of the Doncaster cup was then four miles, since reduced to three, then to two and a half, then to two and a quarter, and now it is just two miles. Tramp got Dangerous and St. Giles, winners of the Derby; Barefoot, who won the St. Leger and was imported to America ; Tarantella and Char- lotte West, winners of the One Thousand Guineas ; Zinganee, who won the Ascot cup and was also imported to America ; and the great Lottery who won the Doncaster Cup of 1825, beating two previous winners of the Derby. King Fergus got two winners of the St. Leger, Beningbrough in 1794 and Hamble- tonian in the year following. Below is given the most prominent of the get of these two sires. BENINGBROUGH 1791 Orville Octavius * Little John Frederick * Emilius * Priam Plenipo Mango Poison Industry HA^IBLETONIAN t Voltigeur Lady Evelyn Miss Letty Crucifix W Surplice Cowl Beadsman 1792 Whitelock Blacklock Laurel D Flight mare Rhedycina Governess Brutandorf C Het. PlatoffN Cossack * Voltaire D Vedette D Galopin * Donovan *t Galeotia Disreali St. Simon AG Diamond Jubilee *t Persimmon Florizel TI St. Frusquin and 5 Oaks winners. ' Won the Derby; t won the St. Ledger; .\ won the Ascot Cup; D won the Doncaster; G won the Goodwood; Q won the Queen's Vase at Ascot; C S won the City and Suburban; J won the Jockey Club Cup; N won tne New Stakes, Ascot; GM won the Grand Duke Michael Stakes, "■The Three Cardinal Lines 2g The line of Mercury (sire of Gohanna, the only horse ever known to beat Waxy) became extinct in 1890 and that of Beningbrough about l8g8. From 1825 to 1840, the line of Beningbrough, through Orville and his two great sons Muley and Emilius, was at the head of the English turf, Emilius heading the list of winning sires for three seasons and Muley for one (1840) in which his son Little Wonder won the Derby, but never did anything else worthy of note. Another excellent son of Muley was Leviathan (who won two four-mile races at York under the name of Mezereon, brought to America a few years prior to Margrave. His daughters bred admirably to Glencoe and other stallions of the period between 1840 and 1855, but he never had a son that was better than third-class as a sire. The line of Muley became extinct in Ireland about 1890. but was gone forever, at least twenty years before that, everywhere else. The line of Blacklock went down almost out of sight, every once in a while but always managed to "bob up serenely" when least expected. It was always said Volti- geur was a failure because he got only one classic winner, in Vedette, but the following- table shows that while he was never better than fifth on the lists of Winning Sires, he got some very good horses. STOCKWELL VOLTIGEUR Winners of the Ascot Cup 2 2 Winners of the Doncaster i 3 Winners of the Chester 2 i Winners of the Epsom 2 i Winners of the Gr. Yorkshire Stakes , i 4 Winners of the Cesarewitch Handicap 2 2 Winners of the Great Ebor Handicap o 3 10 16 Of course everybody knows that Stockwell surpassed all sires as far as the five classical events are concerned, but how any man of common sense can call Voltigeur a failure, after the above showing, passes my comprehension. People call Flying Dutch- man a failure because he never headed the li.st of sires, but he was four times second, twice to Orlando and once each to Newminister and Stockwell ; and third three times, once to Touchstone and twice to Stockwell. Such alleged failures are susceptible of in" vestigation. P0T-8-OS, though only a moderate turf horse, was a good sire. He got Wax}', win- ner of the Derby of I793> with Gohanna (by Mercury) a good second; Nightshade, a winner of the Oaks; and Champion, foaled 1797, who was the first horse ever to win both the Derby and St. Leger, this in 1800 of course. Champion was a total failure in the stud and Nightshade produced nothing of note, but Waxy's male line has brought forth more classic winners than any other three. It has endured from one decade to another with more regularity than any other and while partiaHy overshadowed by the line of Hambletonian (through St. Simon and Galopin) since 1885, I am loth to be- lieve that the overshadowing is in anywise permanent. The following table shows the vast and far-reaching merits of Waxy as a sire, in every part of the world: 30 The American Thoroughbred e w a; ) IT) I E PL, < O 1 =3 O ^ rt i_ ^ u ^ r Abercorn GMC* "t, I Dreadnought*A t^ ■( Carlyon CLA j= I Spice t ^ L Titan *^ Merman G S I Bravo M Patron M* Ruenalf MS "§ First Flaneur t- L rnsco S O rt' , be-)- ni <u rarr, nO f Isinglass * !- c'c >,! Common* — None Nicer f ^'-S c S^' ,,. , (Pretty Polly t qO^^o I Galhnule ]wildflower ^ [ Janissary — Jeddan* ^1 ^{ Elland A— Duchess of Malfi— Wagner imp (Hampton DG Kettledrum *D — Lady Langden (Sir Bevys D > m I M, f „^ .,, c ■ c ij (Sanfoin* — Rock Sand* ^ ^ St. Albans-Springfield -; Watercress- Waterboy ^1^1 T31 • A.T 1 ^Silvio* (Wagner y^\ Blair Athol -^ p,. charlie -^ Lochiel (Aust.) -^ j ( Salvator (Am.) 1^ i Ormonde* — Orme — Flying Fox* L Doncaster— Ben d'Or* "^ i^^^^.l JGaltee More* iK.nH.i iBlairfinde— Ard Patrick* Q < I c -H I ^ Orlando' Surplice * Cotherstone* I Kendal Feddington *D r Adventurer Newminstert i^ P U Hermif* I. Lord Clifden j Pretender* (Apology tA (St. Blaise •j Shotover* (Lonelyt — Prisoner D r Petrarch I Janettet ! Wenlockt ( Irist Hampton ^l Ithur:el ] Longbow— Toxophilite— Musket i Deceiver 1 Martenhurst Merry Hampton^' Ayrshire* Ladas* •o c; ' .^ ;: (S [n rt rt I- Australian Marks — A won Australian Cup; G won Goodwood Cup; GM won Great Metropolitan Cup; M won Melbourne Cup, 2 miles; MS won Melbourne Stakes, i }4 miles; S won Sidney Gold Cup, 2 miles; C won Champion Stakes, 3 miles; L won Loch Plate, 2 miles; *won Australian Derbys. The Three Cardinal Lines ji The real value of Touchstone, as a sire, is not to be computed by the number of classical winners descended from him, for in that respect he falls far below Stockwell, St. Simon and even his own grandson, Hermit. But in 1888. a writer in the London Sportsman showed that, after rejecting 8 per cent, of Touchstone's descendants for club feet and less than 2 per cent, of Birdcatcher's for a similar reason, the male line of Touchstone showed 924 liorses above the grade of selling platers to Birdcatcher's 887. Now there was just two years" difference between the ages of these horses; and that enabled many mares of Touchstone's get to be bred to Birdcatcher, while Artillery, who ran a dead heat for second place with Bonnie Scotland in the St. Leger of 1856, won by Warlock, is the only horse, within my knowledge, that was by Touchstone and out of a Birdcatcher mare. It has always been a matter of dispute as to which was the best son of Touchstone — Orlando or Newminster. Judged by performances, neither was first-class, though one won the Derby and the other the St. Leger. Judged as sires, we find Orlando three times first on the list, three times second and twice third. Newminster was in front for but two seasons, twice second and three times third. He got winners of more money than Orlando, but he was by seven years the younger horse of the two and Newmin- ster's increase of winnings was due merely to the constant increase in the value of racing prizes in the meantime. Coming down to the next generation, Orlando (who was very deficient in sire blood himself) got no horse worthy of being called a sire, Boiardo, probably his best in this respect, having been sold to Australian owners. Newminster, on the contrary, is the only stallion since 1820 to get three premier sires, Hermit for seven seasons (consecutively) and Lord Clifden and Adventurer for one season each. Hermit's success was due entirely to the fact that his get were flashy and liked short races. Of course, Eclipse is "first — the rest nowhere" — in summing up the results of the past century, being the male tail-line ancestor of all the best sires and most of the better class of performers. But Eclipse represents the male line of the Darley Arabian and had just one cross of him, while he had two of the Godolphin and even more of the Lister Turk. But as the male line of the latter horse is extinct by nearly two centuries, we will let him drop out and confine our attention entirely to those that have survived the wear-and-tear of Time. The following table shows the pro- portion of blood of the three cardinal lines in each of some forty odd prominent stal- lions of the nineteenth century, all of which have been sires of at least one classic winner : 3^ The American Thoroughbred stallions' Names Eclipse 1764 Herod 1758 Matchem 1748 Sir Peter 1784 Buzzard 1787 Selim 1802 Irish Escape 1802 Whisky 178Q Gohanna 1790 Waxy I7Q0 Orville 1799 Whalebone 1807 Tramp 1810 Blacklock 1814 Touchstone 1831 Birdcatcher 1833 Harkaway 1834 Newminister 1848 Stockwell 1849 Weatherbit 1842 Sweetmeat 1842 Barley Sires Arabian Marske 1750 i Tartar 1743 2 Cade 1734 0 Highflyer 1774 4 Woodpecker 1773 5 Buzzard 1787 6 Commodore 1787 14 Saltram 1780 3 Mercury 1778 4 Pot-8-os 1773 6 Beningbrough 1771 9 Waxy 1790 4 Dick Andrews 1797 11 Whitelock 1803 12 Camel 1822 16 Sir Hercules 1826 19 Economist 182 .s 1 7 Touchstone 1831 22 The Baron 1842 38 Sheet Anchor 1832 25 Gladiator 1833 32 ■Crosses of- Byerlv Turk Godol- phin Arabian 0 2 I 0 I I 4 I 7 3 12 9 9 6 2 4 3 4 6 2 8 6 II 5 10 16 10 15 ^^ 24 19 27 21 46 31 34 44 37 31 41 32 31 It is customary for some writers to claim a preponderance of the Godolphin's blood as a prerequisite for a great stallion. So far as bone and substance are con- cerned, they are right, but if the Godolphin's is the best blood, why has it now be- come the rarest, for it is now extinct save through Melbourne who was no part of any such race-horse as was Doctor Syntax who won the Preston Gold Cup four times and was second for it on another occasion ? And if the Godolphin's blood is the best of all, why was Harkaway, who was the strongest inbred to the Godolphin Oi any of the twenty-one stallions above given, such an ignominious failure at the stud? He was certainly 10 pounds better than Lanercost and 15 better than Mel- bouine, and probably 15 pounds better than Charles XII. (Whom he never met) and yet, if ever he got a horse that ranked above the selling plate class, I never heard of it. INIelbourne was worth a ten-acre lot full of Harkaways, so far as breeding was concerned. Harkaway had nine more crosses of the Godolphin than had INIelbourne, who saved the male line of the Godolphin from total extinction. If Godolphin blood was the sine qua non, Harkaway should have outbred The Baron, Touchstone and Birdcatcher very easily. As it is, his male line is very weak everywhere, there being no first-class stallion anywhere in the world from his line unless Dick Welles and his brother, Ort Welles, now both in training, turn out to be such. "The survival of the fittest" is the proper term to apply to the unquestioned pre- eminence of the Darley Arabian's male line. Doctrinaires will overhaul the pedi- gree of Eclipse to show that he had more Godolphin than Darley blood, which is strictly true. But how is it that the Byerly Turk's male line has gotten not a single Derby winner since Sir Bevys won it in 1879; nor a St. Leger winner since Ossian defeated St. Blaise and a dozen others in 1883? And how is it that Sir Visto, by Bar- caldine out of Vista by Macaroni, was the first horse (in 1895) from the Godolphin's line to win a Derby since Blink Bonny carried it off in 1857, a lapse of 38 years ; and that Sir Visto and Kilwarlin were the only two Godolphin horses to win a St. Leger since West Australian went into the "triple crown" business, in 1853? Other races in England show a great proportion of victories for the Herod and Matchem lines. The Three Cardinal Lines yj but that of Eclipse holds an indisputable sway in the classics. In France, the scale has turned, since the death of Monarque, verj^ largely in favor of the Herod blood in point of class, if not in numbers. In 1878, Mortemer, from the Partisan branch of the Herod line, outbred everything there, so that Mr. Pierre Lorillard imported him to this country at a cost of $33,000 and just about got his money back. Mortemer was the sire of Verneuil (out of Regalia by Stockwell) the only horse to win the Queen's Gold Vase, the Ascot Cup and the Alexandra Plate (3 miles) during the same week, but his success in America was not equal to his unquestionable triumphs on his native soil. The most successful stallion in France since 1890 has been Le Sancy, a Herod-line horse whose sire was a very moderate performer in England — Atlantic — who won the Two Thousand Guineas in 1874 ; and he was by Thormanby, who won the Derby of i860 and the Ascot Cup of 1861, his dam being Hurricane by Wild Dayrell. It is blood, that in England, is considered good without being great. But it certainly has shown itself very powerful in France, as has also the blood of Flying Dutchman, whose sons, Dollar and Dutch Skater, left a very deep impression on France. England can now progress no further in breeding to the male line of Eclipse. She must have Herod stallions for outcrosses and, she will have to go to France for them, although I believe our own Hanover line superior to anything thev have in France. • PART III. The Modern British Thoroughbred '■'-For if once we efface the charm of the chase From the land and uproot the stud, Then goodbye to the Anglo-Saxon race And farewell to the Norman bloods — Adam Lindsay Gordon. ( "The Shakespeare of the Turf.") o CO _^ ^ I =5 The Modern British Thoroughbred The close of the eighteenth centurj' witnessed a remarkable advance in the breed- ing interests of England. There were five stallions foaled in the last fifteen years of that century that were destined to perpetuate their names through the one hundred years next to follow, and these were : Sir Peter, foaled 1784, by Highflyer out of Papillon by Snap. Won the Derby of 1787 and got four Derby, two Oaks and four St. Leger winners. Buzzard, foaled 1787, by Woodpecker out of Misfortune by Dux. Got Bronze, winner of the Oaks in 1806 and Quiz, St. Leger of iSoi. Also sire of Selim, Rubens and Castrel, all great sires, ranking in the order named. Buzzard was imported to Virginia, where he got Hephestion and other good ones. Died in Kentucky in 181 1 at the age of 24. Bronze, was sister to Selim, Rubens and Castrel. Waxy, Derby winner of 1793, by Pot-8-os (1773) out of Maria by Herod. Got four Derby and three Oaks winners, being the only horse in history to get all three placed horses in the Epsom Oaks, over 90 years ago. He got no St. Leger winners, but was sire of three great horses, all brothers. Whalebone won the Derby and got three Derby and one Oaks winner, beside one each of the Ascot and Goodwood Cups. Whisker got no Derby nor Oaks winners but got two St. Leger winners- — Memnon and The Colonel, the latter making a dead heat with Cadland for the Derby. Woful, the third of this marvelous trio, is but little heard of, even among men claiming to be pedigree students, but he got two Oaks winners and one of the St. Leger, Theodore, who finished on three legs. Sorcerer, a black horse, foaled 1796, by Trumpator out of Young Giantess by Diomed, she being also the second dam of both Phantom and Priam, winners of the Derby; and the third dam of Langar, a noted sire who got Elis, St. Leger of 1836; and also got Felt, Chester Cup of 1830. Hambletonian, brown horse foaled 1792 and winner of the St. Leger in 1795. He got no classic winners but was sire of Camillus, Anticipation (twice winner of the Ascot Cup) and Whitelock, sire of Blacklock, whose dam produced the three-legged St. Leger winner, Theodore. It is through Blacklock that the male-line of Hamble- tonian survives to the present date. Hambletonian was by King Fergus out of a mare (1782) by Highflyer; and King Fergus was also sire of Beningbrough, who won the St. Leger in 1794. For twenty-five years Beningbrough outbred Hambletonian as badly as one horse could outbreed another, for he got two Oaks winners and the mag- nificent Orville, that won the St. Leger of 1802. Orville got Octavius and Emilius, winners of the Derby; Ebor, who beat Blacklock a length for the St. Leger of 1817; and two winners of the One Thousand Guineas. From 1800 to 1830 the male-line of Hambletonian and Blacklock lay perfectly dormant, save in cup races at long dis- tances. Emilius, on the other hand, was the most noted sire between 1825 and 1840, getting Priam and Plenipotentiary, winners of the Derby; Oxygen, winner of the j8 The American Thoroughbred Oaks in 1831 ; Mango, the St. Leger winner in 1837 and probablj' as poor a horse as ever won it; Riddlesworth, winner of the Two Thousand Guineas, and three of the One Thousand Guineas. And for all that the male-line of Beningbrough, through Or- ville, Emilius and Muley is now extinct, while that of Hambletonian through Black- lock, Voltaire, Voltigeur, Vedette, Galopin and St. Simon, now stands at the head of the British turf, having headed the list of winning sires for fourteen years out of the past sixteen. History teems with revenge. Therefore, the only three Eclipse lines now extant are those which come down to us through Hambletonian, Joe Andrews and Waxy; the only Herod lines are those through Sir Peter and Buzzard. And the only Matchem line that comes to us is that handed down through Comus, whose dam was by Sir Peter; Humphrey Clinker, whose dam was by a son of St. Peter; and Melbourne, but for whom the male-line of Matchem would now be extinct. The Gohanna branch of Eclipse blood became extinct in 1894, his last male-line representative being Warwick, by Hubbard, out of May- flower (dam of Joe Hooker, a really good sire) by imported Eclipse, son of Orlando. Gohanna was foaled in 1790 and ran second to Waxy in the Derby. He was subsequent- ly matched against Waxy at two miles and beat him. Gohanna got Cardinal Beaufort and Election, winners of the Derby. The best representative of this line in England was Catton and in America the game little Revenue, his grandson. Waxy was undoubtedly the best exponent of Eclipse's male-line, for while that of Hambletonian was always considered good, it never became really great until the advent of Galopin and his great son, St. Simon. Waxy's line, on the other hand, was always great. He got four winners of the Derby in Waxy Pope, Whalebone, Blucher and Whisker, the latter being by far the handsomest of the quartette. From 1878 to 1892 the Whisker branch of Waxy blood was ahead, of the Whalebone branch in Australia, but not in Europe or America. The dam of Waxy Pope was Prunella by Highflyer; and she was the second dam of Whalebone and Whisker, as well as Woful, mentioned above. From this line of mares, in later generations, came Mid- dleton, Derby winner of 1825 ; Glencoe, who won the Two Thousand Guineas and Goodwood Cup at three years and the Ascot Cup at four; Bay Middleton (never beaten), who won the Two Thousand and the Derby of 1836; and Princess and Pas- tille, winners of the Oaks. No wonder Mr. Bruce Lowe made this the No. i family in his figure system. W^axy was the sire of Whalebone, a winner for six consecutive •seasons and sire of three Derby winners (conceding that he was the true sire of Moses), and Caroline, winner of the Oaks in 1820. But none of Whalebone's Derby winners were of any account as sires. We had the misfortune to import one of them, Lapdog, full brother to Spaniel, who won the same race in 1831. The only sires that Whalebone got were Camel, foaled in 1822; Sir Hercules, foaled in 1826, and Defence, foaled in 1818. The male line of Defence, through The Emperor and Monarque, still exists in France, but is very weak and is extinct elsewhere. Camel was a very big and rangy horse with a decided verging to- ward coarseness ; and as far as I have been able to read, an inferior performer. Sir Hercules was gotten by Whalebone when he was eighteen years old and was about the last of his progeny, besides being his best. In conformation he was the direct antitheton of Camel, being barely fifteen and one-half hands high and the most compact horse ever seen in England up to this day. From the center of the breast to the hind part of the shoulder; from the hind part of the shoulder to the hip: and from the hip to the whirlbone, the three measures were exactly identical. Is it any wonder that he got two such great sires as Birdcatcher and Faugh-a-Ballagh ? Sir Hercules got Cor- onation, winner of the Derby in 1841 ; Faugh-a-Ballagh, winner of the St. Leger of 1844; Corsair, who won the Two Thousand of 1839; Lifeboat, winner of the Great Metropolitan ; and Hyllus, who won the Goodwood Cup, after having been second and third for it in the two previous years, together with two winners each of the Chester The Modern British Thoroughbred ^^g Cup, Cesarewitch and Cambridgeshire handicaps. No intelligent reader can say that he was not a sire among sires. Camel got two St. Leger winners, full brothers, Touchstone in 1834 and Launcelot in 1840. The latter was as great a failure in the stud as his brother was a success; and he was as much handsomer horse than Touchstone as one horse could be handsomer than another. Camel also got Wintonian, brother to that great broodmare, Hester ; and Wintonian got Rhedycina. who won the Oaks of 1850. Camel's reputation, as a sire of sires, must therefore rest upon Touchstone entirely. Touchstone does not ap- pear to have been any great three-year-old, although he won the St. Leger, because he was twice beaten by General Chasse (by Actaeon), only a fair horse. But at four, five and six years old, Touchstone was one of the two best long-distance horses in England, Glencoe being the other. Touchstone won the Ascot Cups of i836-'37 and the Doncaster Cups of 1835-^36 ; and as Caravan, by the same sire, won the Ascot Cup in 1839, this made Camel sire of three Ascot Cup winners, a record equalled only by Sterling, a male-line descendant of Sir Hercules, about fifty years later. And here I must drop the Waxy branch of Eclipse, for the present, and crawl back to the Hambletonian line, now so famous in England though not so good here. Hambletoni.\n, St. Leger winner of 1795, got two fairly good sires in Camillus and Whitelock. Camillus got Treasure, by long odds the greatest mare (considered as an ancestress, of course) in the whole No. 2 family; and he also got Oiseau, sire of Rowton, St. Leger winner of 1829, in which he beat Voltaire, who was worth a ten-acre lot full of Rowtons as a sire. Sir Hercules being third in that race. Of Whitelock I know nothing, save that he was the sire of Blacklock, second to Ebor in the St. Leger of 1817 and beat him afterwards, as well as nearly every other horse that started against him after he reached his fourth year. All accounts agree that Blacklock lost the great northern race through bad riding; and who. at this late day, ever hears of Ebor? Blacklock is described as a large and splendidly bodied horse with an ugly and fiddle-shaped head. Query, how long did it take the English breeders to find out that a horse does not run with his head? Blacklock got Voltaire, who ran second in the St. Leger of 1829 and won the Doncaster Cup in the same week ; Brutandorf, out of Mandane { dam of the great Lottery), winner of the Chester Cup in 1826; Laurel, third in the St. Leger of 1827 and winner of the Doncaster Cup in 1828; and Samarcand, winner of numerous races that I have forgotten. From 1840 to 1865, ask any English breeding expert as to which was the best branch of Blacklock's line and he would answer "through Brutandorf" without one moment's hesitation. Since then the Brutandorf line has become almost, if not entirely extinct ; and the Voltaire branch, through Vedette, is now at the head of the English turf, Galopin heading the list at 25 years of age, while his son, the great St. Simon, heads the list for nine seasons, as against seven each for Stockwell and Hermit, the two best exponents of the lines of Sir Hercules and Camel. Never in the world's history did any other horse suffer so much calumny and persecution as did old Black- lock. That his descendant, St. Simon, should get five winners of the Oaks, as against three each for King Tom, Melbourne, Priam and Waxy, is honor enough, but he also got five of the One Thousand Guineas, as against three for Emilius, the only other horse to get three. Old Blacklock, if he were alive, could truthfully say that "Revenge is sweet." I must now go back to Joe Andrews and his great son, Dick Andrews, sire of that marvelous little horse, Tramp. Joe Andrew.s, named after a noted prize-fighter of that era, was by Eclipse, out of Amanda by Omnium. He got Dick Andrews, a fair racehorse out of a Highflyer mare, from a mare by Cardinal Pufif. Dick Andrews got Tramp, the first three-year-old to win the Doncaster Cup, in 1814. when that race was run at four miles ; and Tramp's defeat at that distance, at five years old, by Prime Minister (son of Sancho) was one of the things that never could be explained. Dick Andrews got Alanuella, winner of 40 The American Thoroughbred the Oaks in 1812 and afterwards dam of Belshazzar, imported to America and men- tioned at length m the American chapter of this book; Altisidora, full sister to Manuella and winner of the St. Leger in 1813 : and Cwrw, winner of the Two Thou- sand Guineas. Dick Andrews also got several good broodmares, but it is solely upon Tramp that his name must rest as a perpetuator of the Eclipse blood; and it goes without sayinp- that Tramp was by far the stoutest horse of that era for, at five years old, he beat the six-year-old Catton at four miles with 140 pounds on each. Tramp got Lottery, winner of the Doncaster Cup of 1825, in which he defeated the Derby winners of the two preceding years; Dangerous and St. Giles, winners of the Derby, the former sold to France and the latter imported into Alabama ; Barefoot, winner of the St. Leger and imported into Massachusetts ; and two winners of the One Thou- sand Guineas also. Tramp also got Liverpool, who beat the St. Leger winner, Chorister., in a match and afterwards got Idas, winner of the Two Thousand in 1845. Liverpool also got that great cup horse, Lanercost, who ran third in the St. Leger of 1839 and afterwards won a total of 28 races in 54 starts, including the Newcastle and Ascot, Cups of 1841, in both of which he defeated that marvelous mare, Beeswing. Laner- cost was sold to France at fourteen years old, previous to which he got Van Tromp, winner of the St. Leger of 1847, the Ascot Cup and Goodwood Cup of 1849 and second in the Doncaster Cup to Chanticleer (son of Birdcatcher) while conceding him five pounds. Lanercost also got Catherine Hayes, who won the Oaks of 1853 and by long odds the handsomest mare of her day. She was the dam of Belladrum, the best two-year-old that Stockwell ever got. One would naturally suppose that, if the line of Tramp bred on, it would be through Liverpool and Lanercost, but fate had decreed otherwise. The Lanercost branch still exists in Australia, but it is very likely to go out at any time. There is no male-line representative of Lanercost in America nor Eng- land and few, if any, in France. To give the reader an idea how stout a horse he was, I would mention that he won five races in twelve days, the last one being the Cambridge- shire at Newmarket, in which he defeated Hetman Platofif and nineteen others. The line of Tramp, that is, whatever is worthy of mention, comes down to us through Lottery and his son Sheet Anchor, whose dam was Morgiana, sister to Monimia (dam of Hester and Wintonian) by Muley. Sheet Anchor was mated with Miss Letty, the Oaks winner of 1837, the produce being a little brown horse called Weatherbit who, in spite of his small size, was good enough to give Chamois, by Venison, 27 pounds in the Great Metropolitan of 1846 and run him to a head. Sheet Anchor got Colling- wood, winner of the Royal Hunt Cup at Ascot in 1845 with the top weight of the race. The Australians imported six sons of Collingwood on account of their great substance, but none of them got any sires. Weatherbit was moderately successful as a sire, being twice third to Touchstone and once to Melbourne. He got Beadsman, the Derby winner of 1858, out of the Oaks winner, Mendicant ; and also got Kelpie, re- ferred to in the Australian chapter of this work, as well as one winner each of the Cesarewitch and Cambridgeshire. He also got two mares that are already famous in American stud history — Cicily Jopson, dam of Waverly, who outbred every other son of imported Australian while he lived ; and Weatherwitch. dam of Fonso, who won the Kentucky Derby of 1880, as well as the second dam of the peerless Hindoo and the third dam of pretty little Firenze, so justly styled "the Beeswing of America." Beadsman was a brown colt foaled in 1855 and winner of the Derby of 1858, with Toxophilite second and The Hadji third. He was a trifle under sized and hajd tucked thighs which indicate an inclination to run fast without regard to staying qualities. He retired to the stud at four and got Blue Gown, the win- ner of the Derby and Ascot Cup of 1868; Pero Gomez, winner of the St. Leger i86g; The Palmer, winner of the Liverpool Cup of 1869; and last but not least, Rosicrucian who, with 133 pounds up, defeated Musket, four years, 126 pounds, for the Alexandra Plate at Ascot in 1872, in the most furious finish seen on "the Heath" since T^he Modern British ^Thoroughbred ^i Camarine defeated Rowton for the Ascot Cup of 1831. The two leaders were never unlocked during the race, and the struggle was so severe that the Judge declined to place the third horse, Dutch Skater, who was nearly eighty yards away, and at least twenty ahead of Barford and Wheatear. The best exponent of the Joe Andrews line, therefore, is Rosicrucian, now about seven years dead — with a possible exception in favor of the Australian horse Golds- brough, who is described at length in the Australian chapter of this work. Golds- brough and Rosicrucian both got great broodmares but no sons worthy of mention as sires. Althotas, oy Rosicrucian, got a pretty fair horse in Button Park, but the line is nearly gone in England and quite so in America. Vasco di Gama, a full brother to Pero Gomez, together with his sister, Arapeile, was sent to Australia, but achieved nothing of any great note. Tim Whififler was another Tramp horse sent to the land of the Kangaroo, after winning the Chester and Goodwood Cups of 1862. He was by Van Galen, son of Van Tromp, and he by Lanercost, out of Sybil by The Ugly Buck, son of Venison. Tim Whififler got the only filly ever to win the Melbourne Cup, and she also won the Victoria Derby in the same year ; and he was also the sire of Darri- well, a Melbourne Cup winner also. I have heard nothing of that line in Australia for the past ten years and naturally conclude that it is fully as weak in Australia as in England. And having disposed of the Joe Andrews branch of Eclipse's line, I come back to the earlier Herod lines that have survived up to the present writing. Sir Peter was the best exponent of the No. 3 family, barring Stockwell, as he was covering long before the One Thousand and Two Thousand Guinea races were started ; and, consequently, the Derby, Oaks and St. Leger are the only means of comparison between the two. And here you see how they range up beside each other : STOCKWELL SIR PETER Winners of the Derby 3 4 Winners of the Oaks i 2 Winners of the St. Leger 6 4 10 10 So you see the Derby hero of 1787 held his own pretty well, being three points ahead of Melbourne and five ahead of King Tom in winners of the above races. Like Whalebone, who came twenty years after him, Sir Peter was very unlucky with his Derby winners. From Horatia by Eclipse he got Paris and Archduke, both Derby winners and of no earthy value as sires, while Stamford, a full brother to these two brilliants, is to be found in the pedigree of every great horse on earth, from four to a dozen times. He got the dams of Mameluke and Emilius, both Derby winners ; of Master Henry, a winner of the Whip and sire of that ?reat mare. Banter ; and the grand dam of Don John and Hetman Platofif, both horses of exceptional merit. And I have never been able to find any performances by Stamford, nothwithstanding I have been doing considerable reading in the past forty years on English turf history. Sir Peter got Walton, foaled 1799 and a sort of hard-luck horse; and his full brother, William- son's Ditto, winner of the Derby of 1803. I can find the latter horse only as sire of Luzborough, imported to this country ; and of Bacchante, dam of the great Sultan, who ran second to Tiresias in the Derby of 1819 and who is the greatest sire of extreme speed to the present writing, being the only sire with five winners of the Two Thou- sand Guineas to his credit, Touchstone and Stockwell having each four. Walton was a good racehorse and got Phantom, the Derby winner of 181 1, and St. Patrick, who won the St. Leger of 1820. Walton also got the noted stallion, Partisan, who ranks next to Sultan as a sire of extreme speed. Partisan got Mameluke, Derby winner of 1827 ; Cyprian, Oaks winner in 1836, and Patron, who won the Two Thousand. Phantom got two Derby winners in consecutive years, Middleton and Cedric ; Cobweb, who won the Oaks and One Thousand in 1824, and Pindarrie and Enamel, winners of the Two 42 'The American Thoroughbred Thousand. Cobweb afterwards became famous as the dam of Bay Middleton. winner of the Derby and Two Thousand of 1836; and Achmet, also a Two Thousand winner, while her full sister produced Ibrahim, winner of the Two Thousand, and Princess, winner of the Oaks of 1844. It now becomes necessary to turn back to the beginning of the century, to see just what the Matchem horses did for the turf. Sorcerer, a black horse foaled in 1796, got Soothsayer, winner of the St. Leger of 181 1 and sire of Tiresias, who defeated Sultan in the Derby; Smo- lensko, who won both the Derby and Two Thousand in 1813; two other winners of the Two Thousand; three whinners of the Oaks, one of which was the famous brood- mare, JMorel, and the great stallion, Bourbon, sire of that stout mare, Fleur de Lis, who won one Doncaster Cup and two Goodwood Cups. Smolensko got Jerry, the St. Leger winner of 1824. Even that early in the day the Matchem line began to show a falling-off. Sorcerer also got Comus, foaled in 1809, and he got Reveller and IMatilda, winners of the St. Leger ; and Gray Alomus, who won the Two Thousand and Ascot Cup of 1838. Comus also got an enormous brown horse called Humphrey Clinker, said to have been eighteen hands high and believed to have been the largest thoroughbred ever foaled. This big horse got Bran, second to both Glencoe and Touchstone in the Ascot Gold Cups of 1835-36 and afterwards sire of the Oaks winner. Our Nell ; Famine, a great winner in Ireland; and last but not least, that great, homely horse, Melbourne, who was no very great performer but good enough to beat — at a mere nominal difference of weight — such horses as Lanercost and St. Bennett (who had previously beaten the great Harkaway) in a race for the Palatine Plate at Chester. ^Melbourne was from the Tregonwell Barb mare (family No. i) and therefore was selected for such marcs of Touchstone's get as had a cross of Whisker on their dam's side. One of these was Mowerina, sister to Cotherstone, who won both the Two Thousand and Derby but was beaten a neck by Nutwith in the St. Leger. From this union of Melbourne and Mowerina came West Australian, the first horse in history to win the Two Thousand, the Derby and the St. Leger, this being in 1853 ! ''"d he also won the Ascot Cup of the following year, after a desperate struggle with King- ston, who carried 126 pounds to his 117, Rataplan being third with 117 pounds also. This has always raised a doubt in my mind as to whether West Australian was really a first-class horse for, had they run at the present scale of weight-for-age, "The West" and Rataplan would have carried 126 pounds each and Kingston 129; and as West Australian barely beat Kingston at nine pounds' difference of weight, it is very evi- dent that, under the present scale, Kingston must have won by about two lengths. As a sire West Australian w^as a signal failure. He got Summerside, an Oaks win- ner, from that great race-mare, Ellerdale, by Lanercost, who produced Ellington, the Derby winner of 1856; and from a daughter of The Cure he got The Wizard, who beat the Rap and Traducer (afterwards sire of Sir Modred and Lurline) and twelve others in the Two Ihousand Guineas of i860 and ran second to I'hormanby in the Derby. And it's a singular thing that his only three sons of any merit whatever, as sires, should all have been expatriated. Solon went to Ireland, where he got Barcal- dine and Arbitrator ; Ruy Bias was sold to France, where he got several great ones ; and Millington, afterwards knowns as "imported Australian," was brought to this country, where he got such cracks as Joe Daniels, Wildidle, Rutherford, Fellowcraft, Miser, Mate, Merodac and last and best of all. Spendthrift, w'ho is the only native stallion to get tw^o premier sires — Kingston and Hastings — in the past half-century. If I were a resident of Georgetown, Ky., I would cheerfully subscribe $100 towards a monument to be erected to the memory of Mr. Keene Richards, who imported Aus- tralian from England. He evidently "builded wiser than he knew," for six grandsons of Australian won big races in England, including the Derby and St. Leger of 1881. And now, having followed the ]\Iatchem line into the middle of the last century. I must go back once more to the Eclipse horses, having broken off at Van Tromp in "The Modern British Thoroughbred zfj 1848. rhe following year saw the Flying Dutchman, who was by Bay Middleton out of Van Tromp's dam. carry off the Derby and St. Leger ; and had he lieen nominated in the Two Thousand (won by Nunnykirk, a brother to Newminster) he must have won that, too, for he was clearly the best horse of that year by ten pounds. The fol- lowing year saw the renaissance of Blacklock's line for all time. VoLTiGEUR, a small brown horse, but powerfully built, was by Voltaire (second in St. Leger of 1829 and sire of Charles XII., who won that event in 1839) out of Martha Lynn by Mulatto, from Leda (sister to Arachne) by Filho la Puta. Voltigeur was own brother to Barnton, a moderate performer best known as the sire of that great cup horse, Fandango, who is the only horse in history to win the Stockbridge, Ascot and Doncaster Cups in one season. Voltigeur was owned by Lord Zetland and could not be gotten ready for the Two Thousand so his owner paid forfeit to the winner. Pitsford, by Epirus, afterwards sent out to Australia. Epsom came on with her glorious vista of buttercups and daisies ; and the little brown son of Martha Lynn won the Derby, with Pitsford second and Clincher thirds in a field of twenty-four. It was a heavy betting race for Boiingbroke and Pitsford had alternated as favorites during the past winter, while Voltigeur could easily have been had at 100 to 8 within five days of the race. At Goodwood and Ascot, "Volty" did not start in any actual race but walked over for the St. James Palace Stakes. Doncaster came on in Sem- teniber and Ireland sent over to the St. Leger the best colt she had raised since the days of Faugh-a-Ballagh. His name was Russborough and he was from the same line of mares that produced Tramp. When Voltigeur came on the track the whole Town Moor broke out into a frenzy of applause for he was the first Yorkshire-bred horse to win the Derby in several years, besides which the popularity of the Earl of Zetland was almost unbounded among the tykes. Voltigeur was ridden by El- nathan Flatman, who also had ridden him in the Derby and Orlando before him. "Nat" rode a waiting race and, on passing the Red House, found Russborough and Boiingbroke in front of him, so he put on all steam and passed Boiing- broke, but could not pass the Irish colt, who hung on like a mother-in-law. The judge hung out two cyphers for a dead heat, but Russborough was too badly distressed for another eft'ort, so "Volti" walked over for the stake. Two days later came the deluge. The Doncaster Cup had 27 nominations, but only two came to the post, ''Volti," with 105 pounds and Flying Dutchman, with 124. who had won the Emperor of Russia's Plate at Ascot (then substituted for the Ascot Cup. with the same weights and distance) in such hollow style that the bookmakers laid 2 to I that he would win. Charles Marlow, who had ridden him in all of his races, was on the Dutchman's back and was ordered by Fobert, the trainer, to trail Voltigeur to the Red House and then come on. There were a lot of tally-ho coaches and drags in the reserve about 200 yards above the finishing post. The Earl of Eglington was in the betting ring, but as the pair went up the back stretch, his wife called to Lady Zetland and asked her if she could see the horses? "Yes, and the Dutchman is two lengths to the good," replied Lady Zetland. ■'Then Voltigeur will beat him," replied Lady Eglinton, "for Dutchy can never make his own running and I know that Fobert has instructed Marlowe to ride a waiting race with him." Her ladyship had prognosticated truly, for Voltigeur won by two lengths and the great Flying Dutchman was terribly distressed. Out of this grew the most famous match of the past seventy years, two miles at weight for age, only to be run at York, instead of Doncaster. The stake was £2,500 a side. That day saw Marlowe duly sober and on his best behavior. He held the ''Deutcher" back for a mile and a half and then let him come with his typhoon rush that no other horse of that day could equal. He won by three lengths, and the half of Yorkshire went "stone broke," But really, there was never a day nor an hour that Voltigeur had any license to beat 44 ^^^ American Thoroughbred the Dutchman, whom, for reasons already given, I always shall believe to have been a better horse than West Australian and just about in the same notch with Gladiateur, who was one of the three best winners of the triple crown, Ormonde and Isinglass being the other two. I read, about a year ago, in an English paper, where some writer spoke of "Volti" and the Dutchman and said "It is a most fortunate happening, indeed, that while these two horses were rank failures in the stud, their blood should have been so admirably united as to produce a first-class racehorse and a phenomenal sire in Galopin." I do not agree with that writer that these two stallions were in anywise "rank failures" in the stud. Considering that they were both in the stud simultaneously with Touch- stone, Melbourne and Birdcatcher, three of the ten greatest sires in the nineteenth century, though they were much younger horses, I can only regard their success as bordering on the phenomenal, for Flying Dutchman, while he never headed the list, was sold to France at a big price, previous to which he was four times second on the list, once to Orlando, twice to Stockwell and once to Newminster, who, between them, headed the list for an aggregate of twelve years. You certainly cannot call any such horse as that a failure. Now let us pass on to the little brown horse from the Zetland stable. Voltigeur's best year was in 1857 when his son Vedette won the Two Thousand Guineas, the Doncaster Cup and the Great Yorkshire Stakes, which placed Voltigeur fifth on the list. He was ninth in the next year when Vedette won the Doncaster Cup for the second time, the Northumberland Plate and the Great Ebor at York. My own belief is that Vedette, had he been nominated in the Derby and St. Leger of 1857, which was a ''mares year," would have won both those classics, placing himself alongside of West Australian; and that Blink Bonny and Imperieuse would never have been heard of, save as winners of the Oaks and One Thousand Guineas, respectively. Voltigeur died at Hampton Court at the ripe age of 27 years and was one of the first twelve on the list for no less a period than sixteen seasons. Here is a comparison for you : GOT WINNERS OF — VOLTIGEUR STOCKWELL The Doncaster Cup 3 i The Ascot Cup 2 2 The Great Yorkshire Stakes 4 i The Great Ebor Handicap 3 0 The Cesarewitch Handicap 2 2 The Chester Cup i 2 IS 8 Of course Stockwell got 17 classic winners to Voltigeur's i, but you cannot ignore a horse that gets winners of such weight-for-age as the Ascot and Doncaster Cups and the Great Yorkshire Stakes, the latter race being run at the St. Leger weights and distance. Voltigeur got Sabreur, Vedette, Zetland and Skirmisher as winners of this race, Sabreur winning the Doncaster Cup once, Vedette twice and Skirmisher the Ascot Cup at three years old. beating Gemma di Vergy, Saunterer, Fisherman and Arsenal. How any sane man can call such a horse as Voltigeur "a failure in the stud" after such a showing as this, passes my comprehension. Skirmisher was also a full brother to the Ranger, the first horse to win the Grand Prix de Paris and sire of- the imported horse Uhlan who won the Doncaster Cup in 1873. I hold that the classic events are a good test of a sire's precreative powers but far from infallible. Nobody would think of calling Touchstone a failure, would he? Yet the interesting fact remains that Touchstone never got a winner of the Doncaster, Ascot or Goodwood Cups nor of the Queen's Vase, his only cup winner being Vanity who won the Chester Cup and that race is a handicap and not at weight for age. In a similar way I have heard men say Blair Athol was a failure at the stud. In 'The Modern British 'Thoroughbred -/5 the name of candor if Blair Athol was a failure what was a success? Blair Athol headed the list for four seasons and was four times second, once to his own sire, Stockwell, and once each to Thormanby, Buccaneer and Lord Clifden. Stockwell got St. Albans and Doncaster, both of which reached second place but never attained the premiership; and he also got Citadel, Thunderbolt, Ostreger, Glenlyon, Breadalbane, Gang Forward, Bothwell and a dozen other good sires but none of them was ever better than fifth ; and it was not till Galtee More won "the triple crown" in 1897, that any horse whatever from Stockwell's line, outside of Blair Athol, attained the first honors of that year which went to Kendal. In 1899 Orme was premier through the victories of Flying Fox, that being the second time the male-line of Stockwell was ahead of the once despised line of Blacklock. If Blair Athol was a failure after four years of premiership and four years as the runner-up, what would you call the other sons of Stockwell? Now then, having disposed of "the accursed blood of Blacklock" up to the middle of the last century, let me hark back to the Eclipse and Herod lines since 1834. Sultan was by far the greatest Herod stallion since the days of Sir Peter, one of whose sons was oultan's maternal grandsire. Sultan got Bay Middleton, Derby and St. Leger winner in 1836 and sire of the Derby winners Flying Dutchman and Andover, and the Two Thousand winner of 1853, The Hermit. This horse, not to be confounded with the Newminster horse that won the Derby of 1867, was out of Jenny Lind by Touchstone and also won the Royal Vase at Ascot, after which he was sold to Australia. Look over the achievements of all the great stallions of the nineteenth century and you will agree with me that the three great speed sires between 1820 and 1870 were Sultan, Partisan and Orlando, ranking in the order named. Give me Bird- catcher, Touchstone, Melbourne, Sultan, Sweetmeat and Blacklock, and you can have all the rest of the English Stud Book. Sultan is the only stallion in history to get five winners of the Two Thousand Guineas, run over the Rowley Mile. Partisan got just one great stayer in his whole stud career of seventeen seasons, the big and beautiful Glaucus, who won the Ascot Cup at 2^2 miles at 2:30 P. M. and the Eclipse Foot, 3 miles, at 4:15. He beat Rockingham and Samarcand in the former race and Consol (afterwards imported to America) and two others in the latter. The Eclipse Foot was an ink well made of the hoof of Eclipse, shod with gold and set upon a neat golden salver. I have heard nothing of this trophy in many years. Orlando bred more speed than any other son of Touchstone and his preeminence as a sire — for he headed the Ust for three seasons against Newminster's two — was almost entirely due to the short races won by his get, all of whom came to hand early. Orlando got 4 winners of the July Stakes and 3 of the New Stakes, but none of the Champagne Stakes at Doncaster, run at a full mile up to 1870. Touchstone is the only horse to get 4 winners of the Champagne at the old distance, as against 3 each for Whisker, King Tom and Flying Dutchman ; and 2 each for Partisan, Sultan, Bay Middleton and Stockwell. Orlando got but one real stayer, Teddington, a little polo pony, that won the Derby and Doncaster Cup at three and defeated Stockwell in the Emperor of Russia's Cup at Ascot, carrying 129 pounds to Stockwell's 126. All the rest of Orlando's get were flashy, notably Fitz Roland and Fazzoletto, both winners of the Two Thousand. Orlando got this great gift of speed from his dam Vulture who was a marvel of speed and won at a mile with 136 pounds. Vulture was sadly deficient in sire blood which accounts for the fact that Orlando never got a premier sire while Newminster got three — Plermit for seven years and Lord Clifden and Adventurer for one each. Lord Clifden's branch seems now to be the strongest of the three, that of Adventurer having dropped away down and now in a fair way of extinction. Rataplan^ brother to Stockwell and a much better race horse, though inferior to him as a sire, demands a few lines of space right here. He was quite as heavy a horse as Stockwell though not as tall and had such tremendous action that no 115- pound boy could ride him. He ran third to West Australian and The Reiver (brother 4^ The American Thoroughbred to Hobbie Noble and Elthiron) in the St. Leger of 1853, which is the first of his performances that I have been able to find; and in the following year with 117 pounds up was third to West Australian and Kingston in the Ascot Gold Cup. Just one month previous to that in the Manchester Trades Plate, a handicap, Rataplan carried 130 pounds and won cleverly. Old Tom Parr (the man who "discovered" Fisherman five years later) declared that if the Ascot Cup could have been run with 130 pounds on each, so he could have gotten a "live weight" boy to ride him. Rataplan would have beaten the pair of them. Rataplan started in 71 races, of which 62 were above two miles and he won 42 times in all, not going to the stud until he was eight years old. Query, did that not lead up, very materially, to the fact that he fell far below his brother — and his half-brother, King Tom, as well, for that matter — as a begetter of great performers ? King Tom, by Harkaway out of Pocahontas, was deficient (through his sire, of course) in sire blood and that is why I understand how his line has so suddenly grown weak all over the world. But when both were alive, King Tom's fillies were not only stouter than his sons but also stouter than the daughters of either Stockwell on Rataplan. King Cole (brother to King Lud) was sent to New Zealand where he got Nelson, who raced till he was nine years old and won seventeen cups ; and got many other good winners but no good sires. In this country, however, the sons of King Tom were more successful, consisting of the following good, though not great sires : Phaeton, out of jMerry Sunshine by Storm, from a daughter of Falstafif (brother to Phryne and Flatcatcher) from a sister to Pompey by Emilius, from Variation (Oaks winner in 1834) by Bustard. Sire of Ten Broeck, Aramis, King Alfonso and King F"aro. King Alfonso was a true racehorse while Ten Broeck was merely a watch- breaker and the worst exaggerated horse in American turf history. King Ernest, out of Ernestine by Touchstone, from Lady Geraldine by The Colonel. This horse was imported by the late David D. Withers and kept at Long Branch as a private stallion, otherwise he might have gotten a great many more winners than he did for he bred a great deal of class. His son King Eric (who died comparatively young) got Prince Lief, Dick Welles and Ort Wells, three better per- formers than generally come from one sire. King Ban, out of Atlantis (sent to New Zealand) by Thormanby, from Hurricane by Wild Dayrell, from Midia by Scutari. This horse was the only King Tom horse I ever heard of with bad legs but he had them, even if he did belong to my good friend Barak G. Thomas, whom to know is to revere and love for all that is upright and manly. King Ban got Bamburg that won the Louisville Cup and Ban Fox, a great winner in the colors of James B. Haggin. He also got King Thomas, the only American yearling that ever brought $38,000 at public vendue but, to borrow the language of Mr. Kipyard Rudling, "that is another story.'" Great Tom, a big and coarse chestnut out of Woodcraft by Voltigeur and there- fore a brother to the Derby winner. Kingcraft, was imported into Tennessee by General W. H. Jackson of Belle Meade. He was barely second-class as a racehorse although he won the St. James' Palace Stakes at three years old, for at five he ran third in the Champion Stakes to Springfield who gave him a year and thirteen pounds. But Jackson made no mistake in the importation of Great Tom for his mares were all light-boned and Great Tom had timber enough under him for a cart-horse. He got the dams of Proctor. Knott and about fifty other great performers and while he was a great broodmare sire, he also got some excellent performers, notably Mr. Chris Smith's mare Maid Marian and Thackeray, the latter (now probably forgotten) beinj^ the only horse to beat the famous Miss Woodford at three years old. He did not get so good a performer as either King Alfonso or Ten Broeck but he was, through his daughters, a much more useful horse in a general way than any other son of King Tom brought to these L-nited States of ours. The Modern British Thoroughbred -// The general decadence of King Tom's male-line, for it is much stronger here than in Europe or Australia ; and it is none too strong here, must be ascribed solely to the lack of sire blood in Harkaway; and yet, Harkaway and INIelbourne, both foaled in 1834, had more crosses of the Godolphin Arabian than any other two stallions of their -day and generation. We all know that Melbourne was a great sire and made the most vigorous outcross for the Touchstone mares of any stallion in all Europe until the great Stockwell appeared on the scene. Within the past two years another male-line descendent of King Tom has appeared in America and has gotten several good performers, after having been sold for the meager price of $45. His name is Free Knight and he is by Ten Broeck out of Belle Knight (dam of the great Freeland) by Knighthood, a son of the Knight of St. George who won the St. Leger of 1854 at odds of 12 to I. Free Knight is the sire of Elwood who won the Kentucky and Latonia Derbys of the past season, together with several good horses in the selling plater class. The Herod horses from 1830 to 1870, were of very light timber in a general way. Ion, a good and consistent horse, for he ran second in both the St. Leger and the Derby of 1838, got Wild Dayrell. the Derby winner of 1835 and, by long odds the handsomest horse of that era. Ion was barely out of the third class as a sire in his day, but right now, he is to be found in the pedigrees of many first-dass horses, through St. Simon and Hermit, as well as through Buccaneer, a first-class sire ; Dan Godfrey, a good son of the exiled Musket; Favo, a good performer and equally good sire ; Herald, winner of the Steward's Cup at Goodwood and eight other races ; and Ocean Wave, Middlethorpe, Pepper and Salt, Petronel, Philamnon, Pirate Chief, Timothy, Torpedo, Tristan, and the flying filly Shotover, the third filly, in one hundred and two years, to win the Derby. Wild Dayrell got but one sire of any real merit — Buccaneer^sire of that great racehorse Kisber, who won the Derby and Grand Prix of 1876; Formosa, the wonderful filly of 1868, who won the Oaks, One Thousand Guineas, St. Leger, also dead-heating Moslem for the Two Thousand and last but far from least, that good filly Brigantine who won the Oaks and Ascot Cup of 1869, beating both Blue Gown and Formosa, the Derby and Oaks winner of the previous year. Outside of Kisber, who is dealt with at greater length in the Austro-Hungarian part of this work. Buccaneer got no very remarkable sires. Wild Oats, by Wild Dayrell, got some fairly good horses in England and his son Gozo got two winners of the great Melbourne Cup in Australia. Pyrrhus the First, by Epirus out of Fortress by Defence, won the Derby of 1846 and ran third in the St. Leger to Sir Tatton Sykes. He is hardly recognized as a great sire in England, yet he got one of the greatest three-year-old fillies in history. She was called Virago and was out of Virginia by Rowton, from Pucelle by Muley. from the Oaks winner Medora who was also the grand dam of Ion. Virago won the One Thousand Guineas but went amiss and was "scratched" for the Oaks. But for this she made amends by winning the City and Suburban and the Great Metropolitan at Epsom, less than two hours apart, after which she went to Goodwood where she won the cup with loi pounds, Valeria, of her own age, being third with 79. Thence she went to Doncaster where she annexed the cup with 102 pounds, beating the great Kingston who carried 131, it being at weight-for-age. Pyrrhus the First got also a horse called Panmure who raced in Ireland and was sold to go to China. The ship was commanded by a Captain Snowden and the horse's name was changed to Snowden. Two -'■ears later he was shipped to Australia where he got Suwarrow, winner of the Victoria Derby and Canterbury Plate. He also got a very good sire called Swiveller out of a Yattendon mare and Swiveller's get were great horses in long distances. Epirus, the sire of Pyrrhus the First, was premier sire of England in 1850, being just f43 in advance of Voltaire who got Voltigeur, the Derby and St. Leger winner ^8 T'he American Thoroughbred ni that year. Mr. Allison is palpably in error when he states that tyrrhus the First was imported into America. Great Herod horses began to be scarce about that time but in 1858 a tall and ragged-looking three-year-old made his appearance and won the Queen's Vase at Ascot, carrying off the Ascot Cups of the next two years and about two dozen Royal Plates varying from two to three miles. His name was Fisherman and he belonged to a Mr. Starkey, who afterwards sold him to old Tom Parr. Fisherman was by Heron out of Mainbrace by Sheet Anchor (son of Lottery) from a mare by Bay Mid- dleton, from Nitocris (sister to Memnon (St. Leger 1825) from Manuella (Oaks 1812) from Mandane, the dam of Lottery aforesaid. Fisherman will be found at greater length in the Australian chapter of this work. Phryne, by Touchstone out of Decoy by Filho da Puta, was foaled in 1840 and a full sister to Flatcatcher, who defeated Surplice in the Two Thousand of 1848 and ran second to him in the Derby. Phryne belonged to the Marquis of Westminster, who mated her four times with Pantaloon, producing Elthiron, The Reiver, The Hobbie Noble and Windhound. Elthiron won the City and Suburban and was sold to France ; The Reiver was second to West Australian in the St. Leger of 1853 ; The Hobbie Noble was a good deal the best two-year-old of 185 1 and was the all-winter favorite for the Derby of 1852, won by the little Irish pony, Daniel O'Rourke, by Birdcatcher. I have no performances of Windhound, but he was mated with Alice Hawthorn and was undoubtedly the true sire of Thornianby, who won the Derby of i860 in which so much was expected of the American colt, Umpire, by Lecompte out of ^-tlice Car- neal, dam of Lexington. I say this because I was told that Melbourne (given as one of the two sires of Thormanby) got no foals in that year from any of the mares with which he had been mated singly. Thormanby was, beyond all cavil, the best horse that ever came from the male- line of the beautiful Pantaloon, whom Admiral Rous styled "The First Gentleman of Europe." Thormanby won five races off the reel at two years old, winning the Derby at three, but was defeated by St. Alban's (a great horse with an unusually bad set of legs for a son of Stockwell) in the Doncaster St. Leger. In the next year Thormanby won the Ascot Cup at weight-for-age, the three-year-old Fairwater being second and Parmesan third. A month later came the Goodwood Cup for which Thormanby was favorite at 9 to 4. He carried 132 pounds, The Wizard (winner of the Two Thousand and second to Thormanby in tlie Derby) 128, while Optimist, winner of the Ascot Stakes, had 112, and Starke (who had won the Goodwood Stakes of the year before) had only 122 and he six years old. A more severe race was never run at Goodwood, Starke winning by a neck from The Wizard, with Optimist third and Thormanby last. There was a good deal of crowing over this event in the American papers on account of two American-bred horses running first and third, but over thirty years later, I dined with Mr. Richard Ten Broeck as a guest of Flon. Harry Thornton, the Bayard of the California turf. In the course of conversation. Col. Thornton was speaking of Starke's victory when Mr. Ten Broeck replied : "Well, sir, I have seen a good many races and I have seen a good many tired horses after the races ; and Starke was the worst distressed horse I ever saw in my life. Nothing but Fordham's wonderful riding saved him for the Wizard was giving him two years and four pounds and for an instant it looked as if he had Starke beaten.'' - Later on, somebody said something about Iroquois' Derby and St. Leger victories and Mr. Ten Broeck said : "There has never been a first-class American horse sent to England unless Mr. Keene's Foxhall was one. If Iroquois had struck any such horses as Thormanby and The Wizard, he might possibly have finished third but no better. I have not yet taught myself to believe that Iroquois was any better horse than my Umpire, who was fourth T'he Modern British Thoroughbred ^g in Thormanby's Derby. Umpire won eighteen races in England and Iroquois won nine out of thirteen ; and any man who will take the trouble to read up the race for the Citv and Suburban of 1872, in which Umpire, a year older than Adventurer, gave him just thirty pounds and was beaten barely a neck, will arrive at the conclusion that if ever there was as good a horse as Foxhall sent from America to England, it was Umpire and not Iroquois." So you can see what iNlr. Ten Broeck thought of Thormanby, who not only won a Derby but confirmed it by winning the Ascot Cup a year later. He never got a Derby nor a St. Leger winner but got two of the Two Thousand in Charibert and Atlantic (the latter a great sire in France) and Hester, a winner of the One Thousand, she being out of Tomyris, the grand dam of Prince Charlie. Mated with the latter horse, Hester produced Prince Rudolph, imported into British Columbia and the heaviest- boned horse that ever* crossed the American Continent. (A letter dated at Victoria, B. C, on the 29th of September, from Prince Rudolph's owner, tells me that the old horse broke his leg on the Mallowmot Farm in July and had to be shot. More's the pity.) Thormanby and Buccaneer must therefore be put down as the only really good Herod horses in the British stud between 1850 and 1890. Several male-line descend- ants of the Flying Dutchman proved to be good sires in that period but they were all located in France. One of them was Salvator, brother to Salvanos, a French horse that won the Cesarewitch Handicap of 1872, being by Dollar (Goodwood Cup of 1864) out of Sauvagine by Ion, from Cuckoo by Elis. He had three Herod crosses straight on each side of him. Salvator is the only horse in history to win both the French Derby and the Grand Prix de Paris ; and so much was he admired by English breed- ' ers that several mares were sent across the Channel to him. One of these was Music by Stockwell out of One Act by Annandale, she being the mare which beat Fandango (by Barnton) a neck for the Chester Cup of 1856, carrying 76 pounds to his 123. From this union of Salvator with Music came Ossian, who won the St. Leger of 1883, with Chislehurst second and Highland Chief third. Ossian was sold to J. B. Ferguson, of Lexington, Ky., but the steamer encountered very heavy weather on the passage over and Ossian died of exhaustion before the voyage was completed. I have mentioned "Old Tom" Parr several times as I went along in this work. He was a peculiar and a clear-cut character being, like many good trainers I have known in America, a man of next to no education at all. He was owner of such great cup horses as Rataplan, Fisherman and Fandango, winning the Ascot, Stockbridge and Doncaster Cups all in one season with the latter horse, all of which were discoveries of his save the first named, which he purchased from the estate of Samuel Thelluson, deceased. Mr. Parr also won the St. Leger with Saucebox, although Rifleman was clearly the best horse in the race and would have won but for a vexatious delay at the post. Parr had a mania for betting and, in spite of his enormous winnings, was always more or less in debt to the "bookies." At last he became "a back number" and his friends fell away from him. At the age of 79 he was committed to a workhouse in Staffordshire, where he died at the age of 94. A few hours before his death he was telling some of the other inmates about the Chester Cup race wherein One Act beat Fandango at his enormous concession of weight; and laughing as heartily as if the race had made him a millionaire instead of starting him "over the hills to the poorhouse," for he never recovered from the effects of that race. Thormanby got but few good sires, Atlantic being the best. He was sent to France while Glengarry, who won the Prince of Wales' Stakes at Ascot, was imported into Tennessee, where he got some fairly good horses like Greenland, who won the Metro- politan Flandicap at Jerome Park when it was two miles. England seems to have been singularly unlucky about selling great sires. She sold to the United States, Glencoe, the best son of Sultan ; to France she sold Gladiator, who, as a stud horse, was worth 50 The American Thoroughbred all the other sons of Partisan in one lot ; to Australia she sold Musket, the only son of Toxophilite, that was worth the price of his halter, as a sire; to America she soUd Leamington, the only half-way decent sire that Faugh-a-Ballagh ever got ; and to Austro-Hungary she sold Buccaneer, who not only got those two great fillies, Formosa and Brigantine, but also got Kisber, who won the Derby and was pronounced at least seven pounds better than Petrarch, who won the Two Thousand Guineas and St. Leger at three years and the Ascot Cup at four. Right here comes the proper place to devote space to what I believe to have been the greatest sire the world has ever seen — Stockwell by The Baron out of Pocahontas by Glencoe. He was bred by a Air. Theobalds (pronounced ''Tebbals") of Stockwell and that is how he got his name. He was sold to the Marquis of Exeter, in whose colors he won the Two Thousand and the St. Leger ; and would probably have won the Derby but for the heavy rain and slippery track. Stockwell feally was not much of a racehorse or a littly pony like Teddington could not have beaten him at two-and-a- half miles with weight-for-age, carrying 131 pounds to Stockwell's 126; and he never on earth could have equaled the races won by his brother Rataplan, who, like Charles Xn. and Lanercost, was literally raced to death. But as a sire Stockwell has no parallel for several reasons. I suppose people will say that St. Simon is a greater one than Stockwell because he headed the list nine times to Stockwell's seven, but you might as well say Hermit was as good as Stockwell because he also held the premier- ship for seven years, whereas the get of Hermit, although racing prizes had increased greatly since Stockwell's time, did not come within £60,000 of winning what Stock- well's get had won. As for St. Simon, a cross of Stockwell — or of his brother, Rata- plan— is to be found in nearly all the best St. Simon horses. I place Stockwell above all other sires for the following well-defined reasons: 1. Because he is the only stallion to get six Leger winners, as against four each for Sir Peter, Lord Clifden and St. Simon. 2. Because he is the only one to get all three placed horses in a Derby (1866), to-wit : Lord Lyon first, Savernake second and Rustic third. 3. Because he is the only stallion to get all three placed horses in the Two Thousand Guineas (1862), to-wit: 1lie Mirquis, Caterer and Knowsley. 4. Because he is the only stallion to get the winners of over £61,000 in a single season (T866) and that in a period when there was no such a thing as a £10,000 race in England. St. Simon, in his best year, was over £1000 behind Stockwell's best year, although racing prizes in England are now worth nearly four times what they were in Stockwell's day. 5. Because he got three Derby winners to St. Simon's two. Of course St. Simon leads him and all others in the way of Oaks winners, having 5 to 3 for Melbourne, King Tom, Priam and Waxy. But that is because his fillies are stouter than his colts. It is a matter of history that St. Simon h<.d two winners of the Oaks and three of the One Thousand Guineas before he got one really first-class colt — Persimmon. We imported several sons of Stockwell into this country, but only one of them — the unlucky Glenlyon — was of the least actual benefit. Canwell, out of May Bell; Hillsborough, out of the Lanercost mare imported by Mr. Keene Richards ; and Stock- dale, imported into Canada about the outbreak of the Civil War, were about as trashy a lot as could well be imagined. The six sons of Stockwell that Australia got were horses worth having, especially Ace of Clubs and Countryman, the latter being a full brother to Rustic, who ran third to Lord Lyon in the Derby and defeated him in the Grand Duke Michael Stakes. And as if nothing but bad luck was to be America's portion in this matter of Stockwell horses, Glenlyon had to lie down and die at the end of his first season. He was by Stockwell out of Glengowrie by Touchstone, out of Glencairne (own sister to Glencoe) by Sultan. I never heard of a better-bred horse than he. The Modern British Thoroughbred 5/ Rataplan, StockwelTs younger brother, was a good sire though hardly a great one. He got Kettledrum, who won the Derby and Doncaster Cup and lost the St» Leger by nothing but careless riding. He also got The Miner out of Manganese by Birdcatcher (paternal grandsire of Rataplan, mark you) from Loup Garou's dam; and it was The Miner that beat Blair Athol in the Great Yorkshire Stakes. I have heard men say the Great Yorkshire is not any great race, but it is run at the St. Leger weights and distance ; and as it seldom has less than a dozen starters for it, you may reasonably infer that the Great Yorkshire is a fair test of a horse's powers, be- cause Stockwell and many other good horses are enrolled among its winners. Rata- plan also got Elland, winner of the Queen's Vase and four other cups in one season ; and he got the little Drummer, who ran third in the Derby and won the Great Metro- politan in Pretender's year. The Drummer was sent to Australia arid died at Mr. Frank Reynolds' place on the Paterson river. Rataplan is one of the world's greatest broodmare sires, however, and while his daughters have not dropped as many winners as those of Stockwell and King Tom. they have undoubtedly given to the world a stouter and more serviceable type of horses. You will see a fine bit of in-breeding in the Australian horse King of the Ring, by the Ace of Clubs, just above mentioned. King of the Ring's dam was Rose de Florence by Flying Dutchman, from Boarding School Miss by Plenipotentiary, from Marpessa by Muley; and Marpessa was the great dam of Stockwell, the paternal grandsire of King of the Ring. That's the kind of in-breeding that is most desirable, for nothing could be bred further away from a horse than The Dutchman and Plenipo were bred away from Stockwell ; and Ace of Clubs' dam was bred still further away from all of them. Such in-breeding as that is always proper and should be tried whenever it can be made practicable. Blair Athol was by long odds the best son of Stockwell, being the only one to head the list at all, which he did for four seasons. St. Alban's came next, having been second for four years and third for two. He was one of the few Stockwell horses that had bad forelegs for if any Eclipse horse approached Melbourne in the matter of bone, it was Stockwell. St. Alban's was a great racehorse and won the Chester Cup, Great Metropolitan and St. Leger at three years old. He was tried again at four but broke down just before the Ascot meeting. St. Alban's got Springfield, the best weight-for-age horse of his day and Springfield got Sanfoin and Watercress, the latter being as good a sire as can be found in America today. Savernake was full brother to St. Alban's and was second in both the Derby and St. Leger of 1866 to that lucky horse. Lord Lyon; and Custance (who rode the latter horse in all his races, as well as Thormanby and George Frederick) told me, in England, in 1901, that Savernake was a slow horse to get away and that had he been one of the first four to leave the post he must have beaten Lord Lyon, whom Custance did not consider so good a horse as Thormanby or even his own sister, Achievement. Lord Lyon was never very prominent as a sire, his best — by a long way — being Minting, who ran second to Ormonde in the Two Thousand and afterwards won the Grand Prix de Paris in very hollow style. Doncaster must rank as the third best horse of Stockwell's get for he won the Derby at three, the Goodwood Cup and Alexander Plate at four and the Ascot Cup at five with 129 pounds. At seven years old Doncaster was sold to go to Hungary ; and that is where he begat that mare Ira that was imported into the United States by my life- long friend, Simeon G. Reed, now deceased. Thunderbolt was undoubtedly the fastest horse Stockwell ever got and no horse in Europe could beat him at six or seven furlongs, with from 125 to 135 pounds on each. He was out of Cordelia by Red Deer, from Emilia (imported to America by the late A. Keene Richards and dam of imported Australian, the nearest thing to a "double- liner" that we ever had) by Young Emilius. from Perisian by Whisker. Thunder- bolt got Thunder and Tonans, both great performers. Thunder won the City and ^2 The American Thoroughbred Suburban Handicap and Epsom with 130 pounds ; the Craven Stakes at Goodwood ; the Queen's \^ase at Ascot with 129 pounds; and the Craven Stakes at Epsom, six fur- longs, with 152 pounds, and twenty other races of less general importance. Thun- derbolt got Krakatoa, sold to France and he, in turn, was sold to Hungarian owners who bred from him that speed-marvel, Dolma Baghtske, that defeated Matchbox in the Grand Prix de Paris, at odds of 40 to i. This horse will be found at greater length in the Austro-Hungarian portion of this book. Breadalbane, brother to Blair Athol, was a very inferior performer, but, as the sire of The 111 Used, imported by the elder Belmont, he certainly is of interest to the American breeders. He was foaled the property of Mr. William 1' Anson, who also bred his dam and his brother ; and was, if anything, the more racy-cut colt of the two. He won the Prince of Wales" Stakes at Ascot, an event in which the owner of the mighty Gladiateur had neglected to enter him, but in the Derby, Two Thousand and St. Leger he ran unplaced, if at all. In the following year he started against the ragged Parley-vous and the Oaks winner of the previous year. Regalia, later on the dam of Verneuil, by Mortemer, the only horse to win the Ascot Cup, Queen's Gold Vase and Alexandra Plate, all in one week. After being nursed so carefully in the descent of the hill that he was over 400 yards behind when he struck the flat, the greatest horse that France ever saw, came on with a cyclone rush and won by forty lengths from Regalia who was ten more in front of Breadalbane. The latter colt, in spite of his brotherhood to Blair Athol, could not have been much in favor with Brit- ish breeders, as I only find him in the pedigrees of Friar's Balsam and Brilliant, a son of John Davis, he by Voltigeur. Lord Lyon was, as I have said before, a very lucky horse, especially so to win the '"triple crown." His other performances were very mediocre, being beaten in the Grand Duke Michael Stakes by Rustic, whose dam was Village Lass by Pyrrhus I. Lord Lyon's two best sons were Minting, who ran second to Ormonde in the Two Thousand and, being scratched for the Derby, went over to France and won the Grand Prix de Paris in a field of nine starters, his price being even money. Lord Lyon also got Touchet, a noted winner and a fairly good sire. One of his sisters, the lanky and slab-sided Achievement, won every one of her two-year-old engagements, and the One Thousand Guineas and St. Leger at three (running second to Hippia in the Oaks) and won the Doncaster Cup at four in which she beat the great Hermit with ease and Tynedale as well. Another sister to Lord Lyon was Chevisaunce, which was never raced. Mated with Lord Clifden, she produced that flying filly Jannette, the pride of Lord Falmouth's heart, for she won the Oaks and St. Leger at three and galloped over a good field for the Jockey Club Cup at four, being second to Pilgrimage (afterwards dam of Jeddah, the Derby winner and Canterbury Pilgrim, winner of the Oaks) in the One Thousand Guineas and second to Isonomy in the Doncaster Cup with Glendale third. It is about time that I was saying something about the Oxford branch of Bird- catcher's line. Oxford was foaled in 1855, his dam being Honey Dear by Plenipoten- tiary, out of My Dear by Bay Middleton, from Miss Letty, Oaks winner of 1837 and dam of Weatherbit, by Priam. I have at hand no record of his races but he hap- pened in luckily for his sire died when Oxford was four and The Baron, Birdcatcher's best son, had already been sold to France. Now there were three other sons of Bird- catcher, one the Derby winner Daniel O'Rouke; and the other two were Warlock and Knight of St. George, both St. Leger winners, but about that time along came Mr. Rich- ards of Kentucky and purchased the latter horse who had more of the blood of Sir Hercules in him than any other horse of that era. Oxford has been described to me as the best-boned and the best tempered horse that Birdcatcher ever got, for Saunterer and Rory O'More were perfect devils. Therefore it is easy to see why Oxford should have been selected as the breeders" favorite over these horses, more especially as The Modern British Thoroughbred DJ Womersly, whose dam had produced one winner each of the Oaks and St. Leger, had been sold to France. The consequence was that Oxford got them a grand type of horses with legs like marble pillars. Among them were Chandos and Wilberforce, both sent to Australia ; and Sterling and Standard, full brothers, as well as Nuneham and Plaiyfair; the latter a winner of the Cambridgeshire, while Nuneham's fee was iso in 1883, which is all I know about him. Standard got Hambledon, who was quite a fine race horse and won the Doncaster Cup. As for Sterling, he needs mention at greater length. Sterling was bred in the Yardley Slud by INIr. Graham and raced indifferently at three years, not having been trained at two. He was even a larger horse than his sire and a rich brown in color. He won the Liverpool Cup and several other races at four, but if he was good in victory, he was still grander in defeat. He had such a burst of speed that he was deemed dangerous in a short race like the Cambridgeshire, even at three years old so they stuck 123 pounds, with which he was beaten a neck by Sabinus, a well-grown four-year-old carrying 119, so he was giving him 17 pounds by the English scale. He was five years old when he started again in the same race with ^ii, being beaten two heads by the French horse Montargis, six years, in pounds, and the three-year-old Walnut with 92. He won the Liverpool Autumn Cup and several other good races, but destiny reserved for him the honor of becoming a great sire. He got one winner of the Grand Prix de Paris, three of the Two Thousand Guineas, one each of the Doncaster Cup and Cambridgeshire and three of the Ascot Gold Cup, be- ing the only horse since Camel, foaled in 1822, to achieve that distinction. Several sons of Sterling and one or two male-line grandsons have been imported to America, the best being Topgallant, originally imported into Canada but redeemed from unde- served obscurity by John B. Ewing, Esq., then a resident of Nashville, Tenn., but now domiciled in the heart of the Blue Grass Region. The next best is Atheling, owned by the Clyde Bros., of Philadelphia, sire of Short Hose and Bryn Mawr. Loyalist, brother to Paradox, is as good as any of the rest. Sterling died without any appar- ent symptoms of illness and so did his great son Isonomy, a few years later. I regard Isonomy as one of the greatest performers, as well as sires, that ever lived. The mere fact that Parole beat him in the Newmarket Handicap counts for nothing with me. You can handicap Eclipse till a jackass can beat him and Parole was never a first- class horse, one hour of his life. I know of instances in other years where leather- flappers beat great horses. Passenger beat Fashion at four miles and so did Wilton Brown defeat Boston; Thackeray beat Miss Woodford; Thad Stevens beat Joe Dan- iels at the Ocean House, the worst robbing race ever run in America ; and Congaree beat Fanny Washington. Isonomy's career in the stud proved him to have been a great sire for he is the only horse in history whose get won over £42,000 in a single season without placing him at the head of the winning sires. This was in 1893 when his son Isinglass won the "triple crown" and in that year the great St. Simon beat him just £2,7- Isonomy is the only sire on record with two "triple crown" winners. Common, who won it in 1891, being the other. But neither Common nor Isinglass has as yet gotten a single classic winner. Other sons of Isonomy have done better. Janissary, out of Jean- nette by Lord Clifden, got Jeddah, the Derby winner of 1898; and Gallinule, out of Moorhen by Hermit will be England's premier sire by at least £2000 majority at the close of the current year. Gallinule got Wildfowler, St. Leger of 1898, and Pretty Polly, winner of the Oaks, One Thousand Guineas and St. Leger, besides eleven other races of less import, without one single defeat. Pretty Polly is just as far ahead of Sceptre as Sceptre was ahead of Crucifix or Crucifix ahead of anything else. Isonomy's reputation does not rest alone on Common and Isinglass, for he also got that great filly Sea Breeze, who won the Oaks and St. Leger of 1888, beating the Derby winner of that year, Ayrshire, in the latter race; and Sea Breeze was one of only five mares 5^ '^he American Thoroughbred in fifty-four years to win the Coronation Stakes at Ascot as well as the Oaks at Epsom, her entire winnings for that season being £20,144. Isonomy was also the sire of Isling- ton, full brother to Isinglass, who stood two seasons in California and got that great handicap horse, Kinley Mack. The fact that Islington was allowed to leave California for the want of patronage does not say much for the intelligence of the breeders in this state. INIr. Haggin has Kinley Mack at his Elmendorf Stud in Kentucky and could have gotten Islington at about one-half of what he paid for his distinguished son. Bruce Lowe was here at the time and he "turned down" Islington, or Mr. Simeon G. Reed would have bought him to replace Martenhurst, who had just died here; and this, too, in the face that Islington was of the No. 3 family, tracing back to the Byerly Turk mare that produced the two True Blues. The daughters of Isonomy are breeding splendidly all over the world and the Oxford line of Birdcatcher is, for the time being, ahead of all others by a broad margin. So far as importations of this line into America are concerned. Topgallant was far-and-away the best son of Sterling: and Hermence, the only son of Isonomy worthy of any mention whatever, now that Isling- ton has been sent back to England. If Hermence had gotten nothing but Hermis, that alone should be enough to make him world-famous. Galopin and St. Simon have occupied the center of the stage for fourteen years out of the past seventeen, St. Simon being premier for nine years, Galopin for three and Persimmon and St. Frusquin for one year each. Galopin is the only sire to head the list at twenty-five years, as against twenty-four for Touchstone and twenty-three for Melbourne ; and now at twenty-three St. Simon is second on the list with more money to his credit than Galopin had in his last year of premiership ; and that, too, with at least six weeks more before the season is finished. The most remarkable part of the whole business is that St. Simon has not a single classic winner to his credit, this year, while the large sum of money written opposite the name of Gallinule is almost exclusively the earnings of his wonderful daughter, Pretty Polly. We had about the same condi- tion of afifairs in America in 1893 when Himyar led all other stallions by nearly $80,000, and it was all due to the winnings of one colt, the big and beautiful Domino, who goes down to history as the only American stallion to get a winner of the Oaks at Epsom. Galopin's success was a very strong argument in favor of in-breeding, for his dam was by Flying Dutchman, a No. 3 horse, out of a No. 3 mare, Merope, by Voltaire. Of course, while the Dutchman and Merope each traced to the Byerly Turk mare that produced the dam of the two True Blues, it must be borne in mind that all other crosses were entirely dissimilar, as was also the case in the pedigree of Chester and Sir Modred, cited by 'me in the Australian division of this volume. Mr. Allison in 1901 gave me his belief that England was virtually at the end of her tether, so far as breeding from Eclipse stallions is concerned. First it was Touchstone on Whisker; next Stockwell (and Rataplan, his brother) on Touchstone; then Newminstcr and Hermit on Stockwell; then Galopin and St. Simon on Hermit and Lord Clifden, also by Newminster. The male-line of Catton, Muley and Emilius now being wholly extinct, with that of Tramp so weak that it can barely stand alone, there seems to be no other recourse open to British breeders but to go back to Herod's line for sires. Matchem's line in England has been their only outcross for the last fifteen years, through Barcaldine, Kilwarlin, Morion and Winkfield ; and in a list of stallions registered in Mr. Joseph Osborne's book for 1896 I found only three Herod horses out of a total of eighty-seven. That they are already in need of Herod stal- lions in England, cannot be denied, but whence will they be shipped into the Land of Jonbool ? I pause for a reply. It will not be long before the answer comes, in my belief. They have good Herod horses in France nobody can deny, but that they have anything as good as our Ham- burg I shall most strenuously deny until positive proof shall have upset my assertions. Nor do I believe there is anything much ahead of Handsel and Handspring. They may T'he Modern British Thoroughbred ^^ have as good a horse there as Mr. Ferguson's old horse St. George that got Lucian Appleby, Aladdin and Grey Friar, but 1 am not even so sure of that. You hear a great deal about how much money certain French-bred horses win in a single year, but vou never hear about what class of horses they beat. Of course, the French breed a great many good horses but they have never sent but two to England that were strictly first-class — Gladiateur and Verneuil — unless tlolocauste, who broke his leg while running ahead of Flying Fox in the Derby of 1899, was one; and that he was the first horse around Tattenham Corner, there can be no reasonable doubt. ?\ly own belief is that the French horses are about like the early Virginia horses that ran four- mile heats outside eight minutes — just about fast enough to beat one another. Glad- iateur or Isinglass, one or the other, was next to Ormonde amongst the triple winners and I am not sure which, but the lanky Frenchman was whole town blocks ahead of all such horses as Rock Sand, Lord Lyon and Diamond Jubilee and you might throw in West Australian, too, for that matter. If the Ascot Cup of 1854 had been run at the present scale of weights "the West" would have been third in the race. The fact is that such French horses as Gladiateur, Vermouth, [Mortemer, Boiard^ Rayon d'Or and Verneuil, just appear often enough to prove exceptions to the rule that Eng- lish horses can beat French horses six days in every week. I say this in the face of the stubborn fact that in the Grand Prix de Paris, Vermouth defeated Blair Athol and Frontin beat St. Blaise. These beaten ones were both first-class as sires, but not as race horses, for St. Blaise never won anything but the Derby that was worthy of mention; and as for Blair Athol he was beaten by The Miner (brother to Mineral, the dam of Kisber and Wenlock) in the Great Yorkshire Stakes. Nor is there any reason- able doubt that Blair Athol was scratched out of the Ascot Cup rather than meet Scot- tish Chief and General Peel, both of whom he had already defeated in the Derby, even after his owner had positive assurance that no representative of the all-aged division would start in the race. St. Blaise and Blair Athol were great sires, beyond cavil, but they were barely out of the third-class as performers. There are Derby winners and Derby winners ; and the mere fact that a horse wins a Derby signifies nothing unless he confirms his three-year-old winning by winning the Ascot or Doncaster Cup at four or wins some other big race at three. I have said comparatively little about Partisan and his descendants as yet and here I am on the last half of this long, but I trust not wearisome, chapter. Partisan was foaled in 181 1 and was by Walton out of Parasol (dam of the Oaks winner Pas- tille) by Pot-8-os, from Prunella (second dam of Whalebone and Whisker and third dam of Glencoe). Nothing of any great note showed from him till he was sixte-en years old when his son, Mameluke, won the Derby and was robbed out of the St. Leger through the rascality of the starter who kept the horses at the post (in the in- terest of the Bookmakers, of course) an hour and twenty minutes till Mameluke fret- ted himself into fiddle-strings and Matilda, a very inferior daughter of Comus, won the race. Partisan got a lot of speedy horses, in fact, he ranks next to Sultan in that respect, but nothing else classic came from him till Patron won the Two Thousand for him in 1829. From that to 1836 seemed a far cry but his really best year was then, for his daughter Cyprian beat Destiny (who had won the One Thousand) and Mar- malade in the Oaks of that year, in a common canter; and in the Derby his two sons Gladiator and Venison ran second and third respectively to the unbeaten Bay ]Middle- ton, which was as good as winning one-third of the Derbys that have been run. But his best son was Glaucus, foaled in 1830, who won the Ascot Gold Cup at 3 o'clock and the Eclipse Foot at 4. In the Ascot Cup Glaucus defeated Rockingham (winner of the previous year's St. Leger) and Samarcand, by Blacklock, all three carrying 114 pounds or 12 oounds less than horses of that age now carry in that race or any other weight-for-age event in England. Some very good horses came from this line, espe- cially in France whither Gladiator was exiled at nine years of age. being far-and-away ^6 T^he American Thoroughbred the best stallion that has ever crossed the Channel up to the present writing. He got Mdlle de Chantilly, the first French horse to win the City and Suburban Handi- cap at Epsom ; and, before leaving England, got Prizefighter, who won the Great York- shire Stakes and started as second choice in the St. Leger, won by Nutwith, whose starting price was i6 to i, Cotherstone being second and Prizefighter third. In France he got Fitz Gladiator, sire of Compeigne, sire of Mortemer whom /i.dmiral Rous de- clared to be the only horse he ever saw that "was a race horse at any distance from six furlongs to four miles." Mortemer won the Ascot Gold Cup of 1871 with 131 pounds up, two and a half miles, defeating Bothwell, who had won the Two Thousand and Kingcraft, who had won the Derby of the previous year. He trailed the two four- year-olds for two miles and then made all the running of the last half mile. And in the next year another French horse — Flenry, by Monarque out of Miss Ion — accom- plished the same feat, beating the Derby winner Favonius and Hannah, by King Tom, who won both the Oaks and St. Leger of that year. Gladiator got Sweetmeat also before leaving England. He was the property of Harry Hill, a well-known betting commissioner for the nobility. Sweetmeat I consider one of the six greatest factors in the modern British thoroughbred, the other five being Birdcatcher, Touchstone, Blacklock, Sultan and Melbourne. He won th^ Queen's Gold Vase at Ascot and the Doncaster Cup, after a terrific race with Alice Hawthorne, the third horse, Pantasa, being beaten over seventy yards. Sweetmeat got two Oaks winners in Mincemeat and Mincepie, two years apart. He also got that honest little horse Macaroni, who won the Two Thousand, the Derby and the Don- caster Cup, but paid forfeit in the St. Leger rather than risk a meeting with Lord Clif- den (whom he had already twice defeated) over a flat course like the Town Moor. Sweetmeat also got Parmesan, a brown horse out of Gruyere by Verulam, son of Lot- tery. Parmesan was a rather plain looking horse himself, but his get had a great deal of quality. He won the Queen's Vase and the Great Metropolitan Handicap at Epsom. On his retirement to the stud he got Favonius, who won the Derby and th*^ Goodwood Cup ; and in the next year another of his sons, Cremorne, won the Derby in the most hollow style, after which he crossed the Channel and defeated a field of nine in the Grand Prix de Paris. At four Cremorne was by long odds the best horse in all Europe at weight-for-age, winning the Ascot Cup with 126 pounds and the Alexandra Plate, three miles, with 129. Cremorne was a failure at the stud but got that flying filly Kermesse, the best two-year-old of her day. Cremorne also got St. George, im- ported into Kentucky by the late James Ferguson of Lexington, Ky., and St. Georee is the only son of Cremorne that was worth a ten-dollar piece as a sire. He got Gray Friar, Lucien Appleby and Aladdin, all stake horses beyond any doubt. Favonius got Favo, a good cup horse and sire of that great sprinter. Royal Flush, now located at Sacramento ; and he likewise got Madam du Barry, winner of the Goodwood Cup and many other good races. He also got Conveth, one of the only three Pocahontas horses in America, but the British Colony about Riverside turned him down and he never distinguished himself particularly although he got Formero, a two-year-old, for which an offer of $12,000 was refused, to my certain knowledge. Parmesan, sire of Cremorne and Favonius, also got Fetterlock out of Silver Hair (dam of Silvio, the Derby winner) but he was such an inferior horse that it seems idle to mention him at all. Two of his daughters were imported into California, but just why, the Lord only knows. The blood of Sweetmeat is considered great all over the world, for the best all-aged horse and the best three-year-old filly in Australia— Abercorn and his sister Spice— traced back to a Sweetmeat mare at the fourth generation, she being a full sister to the Oaks winner Mincemeat. Sweetmeat's best known son, Macaroni, was a great broodmare sire, but did not figure extensively in the male-line. He got Macgregor, winner of the Two Thousand with Normanby and Kingcraft behind him, the latter winning the Derby a few weeks 'The Modern British Thoroughbred 57 later; and Macgregor got Brutus from Teardrop by Scottish Chief, going back to the famous Phryne and Decoy family, a branch of No. 3. Outside of Mr. Haggin's im- portations, no foreign-bred stallion has bred so well in California as has Brutus ; and his success, moreover, was not based upon fashionably bred mares, like most of Mr. Haggin's matrons, but on what we called "the old blood" of California, chiefly that of Belmont (Henry Williamson's) who was the first thoroughbred stallion to cross the plains on foot. Belmont got Langford (first called Vigilance) and he challenged all America to come to California in i860 and run four mile-heats for $10,000, the ac- ceptor to be allowed $2,500 for expenses. The Doswells would probably have ac- cepted in behalf of Planet, but deemed the stake too small for the risk to be incurred in a twenty-five days' voyage from New York to San Francisco, as there were no trans- continental railroads built until nine years later. Brutus' roll of honor is certainly interesting reading, especially when you come to compare it with the American Stud Book and see how he got good winners from mares that barely produced winners of saddle horse purses to the cover of other stallions. Brutus' immediate predecessor in the Elmwood Stud at Milpitas was an imported horse called Hercules, brought to this country in 1861 by Shumway and Jenkins of Mountain View, Santa Clara county, in this state. I rode him several times while he was their property and he was certainly the fastest walker I ever threw my leg over. After Mr. Shumway's death the big horse was sold by the Probate Court and Mr. Boots got him for about $1,200, if I remember it all right. Mr. Williamson bid him up to that figure for me (I was living in Red Bluff at the time) and when he let go, I think Mr. Boots was the only other bidder. At all events, Mr. Boots got the horse and had only owned him a few days when Hercules broke his leg while playing m a small pad- dock. Dr. Jules Savidan, a French veterinary surgeon living in San Jose, was sent for and discovered that the fracture could be set and the horse saved. So Hercules lived to be about nineteen or twenty and got some good stock. Hercules was by Kingston (Goodwood Cup of 1852 and Northumberland Plate of 1853) out of Daugh- ter of Toscar by Bay Middleton, she being the maternal grand-dam of Gamos (by Saunterer) who won the Oaks of 1870, in which she beat that great fillv Sunshine, by Thormanby; and Sunshine was, in a general way, worth a dozen such mares as Gamos, for she it was who placed her sire at the top of the tree in the only year in which he was premier stallion of England. The decadence of these great Herod lines in England has been of longer duration than in America for no Herod horse has won a Derby since Sir Bevys won it in 1879; nor has any Herod horse won a St. Leger since Ossian defeated Chislehurst and High- land Chief for that event in 1883. No such falling off characterized the Herod horses in America for little black Virgil was premier in 1886, though with the smallest amount opposite his name that was ever credited to any leader among sires. He got three winners of the Kentucky Derby — Vagrant, Hindoo and Ben Ali — a distinction achieved by no other horse, living or dead. Virgil got Hindoo, who, while he never was pre- mier, bred a great deal of class and got the beautiful Hanover who headed the pro- cession for four seasons and was second to imported Albert in the next one, by a mar- gin so narrow that it was hardly worth a line of mention. And so far from going back again into what an emaciated citizen of Princeton, N. J., called "innocuous desuetude," the male-line of Glencoe is now growing stronger than ever, for six sons of Flanover are now very prominent as sires, Hamburg having already gotten two win- ners and one second horse in the Futurity, while The Commoner, Handspring and several others are the sires of animals of undeniable stake form. It is an open question whether Glencoe was not the best horse that ever came from the male-line of Herod. True, he was no such race horse as his unbeaten nephew, Bay Middleton; and with the latter's son, the dashing Dutchman, he would have been indisputably overmatched. r>ut review his racing record impartially and what do we ^8 The American Thoroughbred find? That he won the Riddesworth Stakes, the 'J"wo Thousand Guineas and Good- wood Cup at three; the Ascot Gold Cup at four; and walked over for The Whip (four miles) at five. How many great race horses make such a showing for consistency as that? Then take him as a sire in America and you find that he headed the list of sires iive seasons, was seven times second and three times third, being third in 1861, four years after his death, having no two-year-olds and only two three-year-olds to run for him. And another thing, no horse that ever defeated him for a premiership of the American stud., ever held that distinction for more than* one year. Glencoe was quite as well entitled to be called ''the immortal" as w^as either Touchstone or Stockwell. They talk about the renaissance of Blacklock's line in England, after years of obscurity caused principally by calumny and persecution ; it is remarkable of course, but not half as much so as that of Glencoe in America, for in i860, you could hardly give away a son of Glencoe for stud purposes, while his daughters commanded all sorts of big prices for mating with the deservedly great Lexington. The jNIatchem line in England, since the exportation of The Peer, Middlesex and Towton to the antipodes, is now represented solely through the lines of West Australian and Young Melbourne. The latter amounted to but little save as a broodmare sire, but his daughters were unquestionably great producers. Young Melbourne got Strafford, Pell Mell, Brother to Strafford, Rapid Rhone and Knight of the Garter, but I don's know of his lines being perpetuated through any of these, save Pell Mell, who got that great cup horse Carlton, who won the Chester, Manchester and Doncaster Cups ail in the season of 1887, besides running third in the Cesarewitch' in which he was giv- ing twenty-four pounds for one year to the winner, Humewood. Carlton got that de- termined finisher, Carlton Grange, now located in Kentucky as the property of that ambitious young breeder, Mr. James E. Clay. As Matchem blood is somewhat scarce in England, I cannot understand how they came to let so good a horse as Carlton Grange get away from them, especially when we consider his close relationship to Hawkstone and Prisoner in England ; and to that "gamest of the game" at the anti- podes, Australian Peer, who beat Abercorn whenever the pace was hot from the fall of the flag. Now we have another male-line of Melbourne in America, through imported Darebin (pronounced as if spelt "Dah-ray-bin." with the accent on the second sylla- ble) brought to this country by Mr. J. B. Haggin. The reader is referred to the Aus- tralian chapter of this book for further particulars concerning this enormous, and therefore legitimate, descendant of the mighty Humphrey Clinker. Most all the Matchem blood now in England comes from the descendants of West Australian, through Solon, who got Barcaldine and Arbitrator, the latter being a good horse but in nowise the equal of the former. Arbitrator got Kihvarlin, who won the St. Leger after being virtually left at the post. Barcaldine, on the other hand, was a giant among giants. Following are some of his best performances, he winning twelve races, mostly with heavy weights and without a single defeat: 1880. Won the Railway Stakes, National Produce Stakes, Paget Stakes and Beres- ford Stakes. 1881. Won the Baldoyle Derby, Queen's Plate (2 miles) at the Curragh, Queen's Plate (three miles) at Roscrea and next day walked over for another Royal Plate at two and one-half miles. 1882. Barcaldine now '"carried the war into Africa" by going over to England, where he won the Westminster Plate at Kempton Park, conceding forty-one pounds to Lucerne, who ran third, Tristan being second. He next won the Epsom Stakes at a mile and a half, beating Witchcraft, Beauty, Picador and Retreat, giving the first named thirty-nine pounds. He then won the Orange Cup, three miles, beating Faugh- a-Ballagh (by Lord Gough) over sixty yards in a canter. He wound up that season by starting as second choice in the Northumberland Plate at Newcastle with 136 pounds up, at a mile and a half, which he won by two lengths from the favorite 'The Modern British Thoroughbred 5^ Shrew sbuo', five years, 119 pounds; Havoc, four years, 97 pounds, and Bonaparte and Victor Emmanuel unplaced. In his first season he got Bartizan, Countess Thierry, Polynesia, Pippin, The Skip- per and Winkfield, the latter being the sire of that wonderful handicap horse. Wink- field's Pride. The next year he got Morion, winner of the Ascot Cup of 1891 ; in which year his daughter Mimi (afterwards dam of St. ^Nlaclou) won the Oaks and One Thou- sand ; and in 1895 Sir Visto added to his crown by winning both the Derby and St. Leger. Barcaldine was three times mated with the Oaks winner Geheimniss and got three horses called Odd Fellow, Grand Master and Free Mason, all since imported into America, the last two being in Canada and the former in Kentucky, where he is owned by Air. Christopher Chinn. 1 must say I was never worse disappointed than in him for, on his breeding, he ought to overtop everything in that state. Barcaldine was a very coarse horse, to judge by the only picture I ever saw of him. It was a big oil painting, 8X5V2 feet, and hung in the rooms of A. J. C. in Sydney. There was once a horse called Tom Crib, by Gladiator, imoorted to this coun- try for the purpose of breeding high-class farm and coach horses, and said to b^e coarse enough for a bull, but if he was any coarser than Barcaldine, I am very much astonished. Barcaldine was very much inbred, his fourth dam — the Hetman Platofif mare out of Whim (Chanticleer's dam) by Drone — being also the third dam of his sire, Solon, who got Arbitrator, above mentioned. That is, to my notion, closer im- breeding than the examples of Chester and Sir Modred, given in the Australian chapter of this work. The daughters of Barcaldine, both here and in England, have bred well, with the solitary exception of Mr. Belmont's Kate Allen, whom I deemed the best of all his importations, she being a full sister to that good horse, Bartizan. But Kate was a disappointment and was sent to the auction block about two years ago. If she is still alive, it is to be hoped she will be mated with a St. Simon horse if one can be found that has a daughter of Hampton or Macaroni for his dam. I have now progressed so far in this work that anything I say with reference to the English horse must be confined to the last twenty-five years. The leading stallions about 1880 were Galopin, Flampton and Springfield, just coming on, and Hermit and Blair Athol, just beginning to fall into "the sere and yellow leaf." Hampton was always belittled because his owner had bought him out of a selling race, while Spring- field was generally overrated and Galopin received his due meed of praise. Galopin was a dark bay pony, certainly not over fifteen hands and an inch high and tracing to the same tap-root as Stockwell and King Tom. His dam. Flying Duchess, by the air- exploring Hollander, had previously produced a mare called Vex that won the Stew- ards' Cu{) at Goodwood. The next dam was Merope (third dam of our imported Eothen) by Voltaire out of the Juniper mare, foaled 181 7, that produced Velocipede, by many deemed the best son of Blacklock. Now there was a pedigree hot enough to fry eggs with, and Galopin was clearly bred in sire-producing lines. Of his per- formances it is only necessary to say that he never was beaten at weight-for-age and never lost a race unless he was handicapped out of it. He won the Derby of 1875 in a common canter from Claremont (brother to our imported Stonehenge) and the colt by Macaroni-Repentance ; and in the fall of that year he was matched against the St. Leger winner, Craig Millar, in a race ''across the flat," whom he could not h''ve be:-. ten worse if he had been anchored. Next spring came the £2,500 match against Lowlander who was the fastest sprinter of that year. He was by Dalesman (brother to our im- ported Camilla) out of Lufra (dam of our dear little Midlothian) by Windhound ; and he had never been beaten at seven furlongs and only once at a mile, but Galopin "donkey licked" him, as they say in the Australian colonies. At the stud, Galopin got Dono- van, winner of the Derby and St. Leger ; Disreali and Galliard, winners of the Two Thousand; and two winners of the One Thousand. But the greatest horse he ever got was St. Simon, who won ten races off the reel 6o "The American Thoroughbred without one defeat. He was struck out of all his yearling engagements through the death of his breeder, Prince Casimir Batthyany, or he would have won beyond doubt "the triple crown" which has been won by nine horses, of whom at least six were man- ifestly his inferiors. As it was he won the Halnaker Stakes at Goodwood, the Maiden Stakes at the same place, the Devonshire Nursery with 124 pounds, and the Prince of Wales' Nursery Plate, in the last of which he carried 126 pounds and beat twenty others, of which Belinda with 109 pounds had the highest weight. Next year he was barred from the classics but he bagged the Epsom, Ascot and Goodwood Cups with most ridiculous ease, beating the great Tristan and three others at Ascot and Chisle- hurst at Goodwood. Frederick Archer said he had ridden four Derby and five St. Leger winners and St. Simon was the best horse he ever rode. On his retirement to the stud he got winners from the very bginning, among them that good horse St. Serf and the flying filly Signorina, owned by the Italian Prince Ginistrelli. As a sire of classic winners St. Simon goes down to history as the equal of Stockwell, be- cause, while he got only four St. Leger winners to Stockwell's six he got five winners each of the Oaks and One Thousand to Stockwell's one. The peculiarity of St. Simon, as a sire is that he not only has headed the list of sires for nine seasons but headed it in 1901 without a single classic winner to his credit ; and this year he is second to Gallinule under like conditions and ahead of his own son St. Frusquin, who furnished the Two Thousand and Derby winner, St. Amant. Moreover, he is the only stallion since Newminster to get two premier sires. Persimmon in 1902 and St. Frusquin in 1903, while another of his sons, Florizel II, who got both the Derby and St. Leger winners of that year, was second to him by a narrow margin in 1901. I saw several of his sons while in England in 1901 and liked Florizel best of all. Persimmon re- minded me very much of our pioneer California stallion, Williamson's Belmont, whom Colonel Gift so aptly styled the "Godolphin of the Wilderness;"' and has on him a hind leg that would be considered perfect by our more intelligent breeders of trotting horses. St. Frusquin is a trifle coarse to my eye but he gets some great horses. The following table shows what old St. Simon has done this year as the sire of winners, together with the achievements of his several sons up to September 15th: NERS. HORSE AND YEAR FOALED. SIRE AND DAM. WIN- St. Simon 1881 Galopin — St. Angela 9 St. Frusquin 1893 St. Simon — Isabel 8 Florizel i8go St. Simon — Perdita 18 St. Serf 1887 St. Simon— Feronia 12 St. Hilaire St. Simon — Dist. Shore.... 8 Tarporley 1890 St. Simon — Ruth 7 Desmond 1891 St. Simon — L'Abbess de J.. 6 £58,344 This is $282,968 in American money, computing by the bank rate of $4.85 for each pound, sovereign (or quid) of English money. Not a bad showing, especially when the reader stops to consider that the old horse is over $5000 ahead of the best of all his sons. His daughters are breeding well and throwing good winners to all sorts and conditions of sires. Only one son of St. Simon— Dunure, out of Sunrise— has been taken over to Austro-Hungary, but there were three sons of Galopin's covering there in 1900. These were Guerrier, out of St. Kilda ; and Ganache and Gaga, both out of Red Hot. The latter is a great favorite with the breeders and his fee is $500 tb mares owned by foreigners and $400 to those owned by natives of Austria or Hungary. He won the Derby at Vienna, a feat repeated in 1900 by his son Arulo. That most intelligent of American breeders, Mr. J. B. Haggin, has imported sev- eral sons of St. Simon, Bassetlaw and Greenan being the most prominent. He has LACES. AMOUNT. 12 ii6.365 II 15,286 28 12,327 20 6,746 16 2,916 9 2,.38i 10 2,323 The Modern British Thoroughbred 6i also imported several horses very closely related to St. Simon on the dam's side, Order, the sire of Ornament, being the best of the bunch. . Caesar Young, a bookmaker, who was killed in a cab in New York last June, bought a horse called St. Avonicus, and Mr. Edward Corrigan has one called Brantome, both sons of the great St. Simon. It is most sincerely to be hoped that some one of the three just above named will do better than the other sons of St. Simon that have preceded them. Hampton, foaled 1872, was a horse that was always sneered at by the turf critics of his day, as "the little selling plater," but he was a horse of good class for he won the Goodwood Stakes, Goodwood and Doncaster Cups and Great Metropolitan Handi- cap with 120 pounds in the saddle, which does not look much like a plater's perform- ance. At the stud he got Merry Hampton, winner of the Derby ; Ayrshire and Ladas, both winners of the Two Thousand and Derby and, for another singular coincidence, both second in the St. Leger. Hampton was also sire of Reve d'Or who won the Oaks and the Jockey Club Cup; and Sheen, who was the best long-distance horse of his day, winning the Cesarewitch with 129 pounds, in a lield of 23, the third horse being a four-year-old with 98. For a while it looked as if Sheen were going to be Hampton's best son at the stud, for no other horse of that line ever got three such as Scintillant, (third in the St. Leger and a winner of the Cesarewitch) ; Batt, who was second in Jeddah's Derby, and Labrador, who lapped out Persimmon in his St. Leger. But in the last three or four years Ayrshire seems to have improved greatly with age, be- ing the sire of Solitaire, Dunlop, Tarbolton and the Oaks winner Airs and Graces. The first above named is owned in California and of his first offering of yearlings in New York two sold for $5,000 each, an almost unprecedented figure for the get of a stallion as yet wholly untried. Tarbolton, whom I saw in England and deemed every inch a hero, was imported to America, but died shortly after landing. Sheen, poor old chap, has become impotent, so they say, and he was sold at auction for £80 some months ago for that reason. Springfield, by St. Alban"s, out of Viridis by Marsyas. from Maid of Palmyra by Pyrrhus the First (second dam of our own Kingfisher, by the way) was a horse that I hardly know how to place correctly. Not as a turf performer, however, for he was "a holy terror" for years, campaigning successfully for three seasons, winning nine straight races at three years old and five straight at four. He won three out of five at two years old, being defeated by Kisber (who won the Derby of the following year) in the Dewhurst Plate ; and in the Criterion Stakes b" Clanronald to whom he conceded six pounds. His greatest performance was, however, in the Champion Stakes at New- market, in which he carried 140 pounds, conceding twelve to Silvio, that year's winner of both the Derby and St. Leger; and twenty-one to Great Tom, Thunderstorm and Hesper, twenty-eight to Zuchero and thirty-one to Midlothian, the latter afterwards imported to California. Springfield got Sanfoin, winner of the Derby of 1890 and subsequently sire of Rock Sand ; Watercress, winner of the Prince of Wales' Stakes at Ascot, and third to La Fleche in the St. Leger; and Briar Root, winner of the One Thousand, besides some dozen other big stake-winners and about sixty horses in the "useful" class. I say I do not know how to class Springfield as a breeding horse because Sanfoin is his only half-way successful son in England and his prestige is confined almost exclusively to the winnings of one horse. Rock Sand. Li America, Springfield has two sons that I know of — Watercress and Juvenal — the former of which I like very much. Juvenal has gotten one or two good ones, including Chacornac. who won the Futurity of 1900 and I saw him in a race in England afterwards. But I don't fancy Juvenal for the reason that 4ie is a Springfield horse and resembles Blair Atliol more than he does Springfield. When I buy a horse because his father was a great sire, I want him to resemble his sire and not his maternal grandiire; .md this, too, in face of my belief that Blair Athol was, by long odds, the best son of Stockwell. Now let 62 The American Thoroughbred us see what Springfield's get won after he once became thoroughly established in the stud: 1882 i8.37i 1886 9,569 1891 4.7-^.^ 1883 7,589 1887 21,607 1892 9,170 1884 7,786 1888 14.64.3 1893 8,415 1885 10.418 1889 13,341 1894 9.972 1890 17,228 1895 4.987 Total for 14 seasons '■ ii37.799 Springfield's best year was 1887, when he was third and the only time he was ever better than fifth. In that year Hampton was first with £31,454 and Hermit second with ^25,733, Isonomy being fourth on the list with £18,294, the once great Rosicrucian being twentieth with £5,145. His son. Watercress, has only had, if I am correctly informed, about half a chance at Rancho del Paso; and there seems to be a sort of "hard luck story" about him for he was a very hard horse to train and could not be gotten fit to race early in the season. I pin my faith to Watercress, once and for all, and if I can get hold of him. Sir James ]\liller may keep Sanfoin. St. Alban's, the sire of Springfield, had very bad legs (something unusual for a son of Stockwell) and many breeders were afraid to patronize him on that account; and while his full brother, Savernake. was not so bad in the cannon-bones as St> Alban's, he was none too good, so he was sold to Hungary for a very low price. And my idea is that many people 'were likewise afraid to mate their mares with Springfield, lest he should breed back to his defective sire. If Stockwell, the heaviest boned horse of his day, got two bad-legged horses like St. Alban's and Savernake, why should not Springfield do the same? So I sometimes think Springfield was one of the neglected sires of England. St. Alban's was third in 1867 with £17,601 to his credit, as against £42,521 for Stockwell and £31,083 for Newminster in that year. I now give the correct list of the premier stallions of Europe who have held that po-^ition more than one year since 1850, together with amounts won in those years: 1851 1854 1858 1859 1863 i860 1861 1862 1864 1865 1866 1867 NEWMINSTER. STOCKWELL. .£12,181 1880 . 16,974 1 881 . 15,283 1882 1883 .£i7..3.38 1884 . 22,465 1885 1886 .£18.201 . 24,029 1852 ■ .33..3.16 1856 . 28,708 . 33,.302 1870 . 61. ,391 1 87 1 ■ 42.521 1853 1857 HERMIT. . . BLAIR ATHOL. £.30,907 1872 £14.537 27,223 1873 l8,.362 47,311 1875 19,704 .30,406 1877 28,8.30 29,418 GALOPIN. 30,737 1888 £30.21 1 22,817 1889 43,516 BIRDCATCHER. 1898 21,699 £17.149 ST. SIMON. 17,041 (Up to end of 1896.) KING TOM. 1890 £32.799 £20,376 189I 26,890 18,116 1892 53.504 MELBOURNE.* . 1894 42,092 £21.299 1895 .30,469 18.206 1896 59,7.34 *Melbourne was first in 1846, but I have not the figures. I have not the figures for the later years, but St. Simon was ahead again in 1900 through "the triple crown" won by his son, Diamond Jubilee; and again in 1901 w^ith a few pounds in excess of £60,000 without one single classical winner to his credit. The Modern British Thoroughbred 6^ In spite of all this, the interesting fact remains that St. Simon has never reached the i6i,39i mark set by Stockwell in 1866. although the cash value of racing prizes, since St. Simon's get came on the turf, are twice what they were in Hermit's time and from three to four times what they were in Stockwell's, for there were no £10,000 races like the Eclipse Stakes or the Jubilee in the days when the big Exeter chestnut was mon- arch of the British Stud. For all that, however, we must admire and approve old St. Simon for he is, this year, second on the list without a single classic winner, as m 1901, Gallinule being ahead of him solely through the victories of Pretty Polly. St. Simon's son, St. Frusquin, is third on the list over £1,100 behind his twenty-three-year- old sire, Florizel II .being sixth, St. Serf ninth and Persimmon tenth. Now to do St. Simon justice, we must show, as in the case of Stockwell, wherein he differs from other horses : 1. He is the only sire in history to get five winners of the Oaks as against three for Sir Peter, Sorcerer, King Tom and Melbourne. No other horse ever got four. Touchstone and Stockwell having each one to their credit, which shows clearly that Oaks winners betoken a female-line horse. Touchstone got two premier sires and his son Newminster got three. Stockwell got but one premier (Blair Athol), but he was four times first on the list, twice second (to Adventurer and Lord Clifden), once third and twice fifth. Doncaster was never better than third and that for only one season. 2. St. Simon is the only stallion to get five winners of the One Thousand Guineas, as against three for Stockwell and Emilius. 3. He is the only horse in history to head the list of sires without a classic win- ner to his credit. So impressed was I with the idea that St. Simon, being out of a King Tom mare, was a female-line horse like his maternal grandsire, that when Mr. E. S. Gardner Jr. wrote me from Paris in August, 1897, about buying a St. Simon horse, I wrote back as follows : ''Don't touch a St. Simon horse. He is a female-liner, like Melbourne, King Tom and Sorcerer, none of whom ever got a premier stallion." Right on the back of that old St. Simon "shifted the cut" on them and got Persimmon and St. Frusquin, both of which have since been premiers, besides being the sire of Florizel II, who got the Derby and St. Leger winners of 1901 — Volodyovski and Doricles — the former being second to Doricles in the Leger. Yet I contend that up to the time I wrote Mr. Gardner, my judgment was correct and fully warranted by "'the inexorable logic of events." For a horse that never was second on the list. Bend d'Or makes a mos't remarkable showing, whose get first appeared in 1884 with some £4,000 to their credit: 1885 £7,061 1891 12.84.^ 1896 5,017 1886 22,803 1892 17,892 1897 6,104 1887 7,158 1893 6,711 1898 7,720 1888 22,635 1894 3,985 1899 4,322 1889 • 6,200 189s 13,014 ■ 1890 i7,(i27 Total £161,092 There were several horses running by Bend d'Or when I was in England, in 1901, but what races they won or what money, I do not know. The above amount given is equal to $781,295 in American money. My belief is that though Kendal and Orme are the only two stallions of Stockwell's male-line to head the list, since Blair Athol ; and that Bend d'Or was never at the top in any year of his life, I must rank Blair Athol as the best son of Stockwell and Bend dOr his next best descendant in male-line. I write this after a mature study of the case, because Bend d'Or is the sire of two premier stallions, Kendal in England in 1897 and Ben Strome in America in 1903, besides being the sire of Ornus, a horse that sold for $200 at auction and has already this year over $60,000 in purses and stakes to the credit of his son 6^ The American Thoroughbred Oiseau alone. Didn't you hear me remark, a while ago, that American breeding- was a good deal of a lottery? We have been singularly unfortunate in the importation of sons of Stockwell into America, Glenlyon being tlie only one of any real value ; and he died very young, hav- ing made but one season. His dam, Glengowrite, was the second dam of that good Australian stallion Wellington, winner of the Derby and Champion Race at three years old. But in male-line grandsons and great grandsons we have done exceedingly well. The following table shows what Stockwell's male-line descendants have donu in America this year, up to and including the 21st day of September last: Meddler, by St. Gatien — Busybody $194,225 Ben Strome, by Bend d'Or — Strathfleet 93,570 Goldfinch, by Ormonde — Thistle 85,031 Esher, by Claremont — Una 59.356 Golden Garter, by Bend d'Or — Sanda 59>iii Pirate of Penzance, by Prince Charlie — Plunder 51,271 Ornament, by Order — Victorine 47,424 $589,988 It goes without saying that the earnings of this batch of stallions will go over the $600,000 mark, and perhaps as high as $700,000, by the close of the year, as there will bi six weeks of racing at Los Angeles and Oakland (or Ingleside) before the end of 1904. The Touchstone horses have only done fairly well, Octagon having $66,230 to his name, of which Beldame contributes $49,995 ; and Requital has $64,200, of which $-7,825 came through English Lad and $26,335 through Mr. Madden's good colt Fly- back. The male-line of Don John, long since extinct in the old country, is about the strongest line in America outside of Stockwell's. Here is a sample of what it had won up to and including September 21st: Ben Brush, by Bramble — Roseville $152,330 Clifford, by Bramble— Duchess 41,585 $193,915 The line of Melbourne, through West Australian, shows up stronger in America than in England, and witness the following figures for the same period : Kingston by Spendthrift — Kapanga $ 78,095 Hastings by Spendthrift — Cinderella 76,885 Lamplighter by Spendthrift — Torchlight 51,271 $206,251 All the three above named are out of imported mares which reminds me to say that Wildidle, a brother-in-blood to Spendthrift, was a magnificent looking horse, but got no performers of any real merit, except from imported mares. Mr. Baldwin had nothing but native mares at Santa Anita, and that is why, in my belief, his handsome little horse Rutherford was such a signal failure. Rutherford was a full brother to Spendthrift and beat Wildidle three times, so his failure is not to be ascribed to a lack of courage, in any event. The male line of Glencoe, extinct everywhere else on earth, has been very strong in America in the past twenty years. Its representatives this year are : Hamburg by Hnuover — Lady Reel $ 98,440 The Commoner by Hanover — Margerine 45,838 $144,278 The Modern British Thoroughbred 6j There will be a change of the figures at the close of the season, but none, in my belief, in the relative positions of the horses named, for Meddler is just as far ahead of Ben Brush as Little Benn}' is ahead of Hamburg. Ben Strome has a bare living chance to overhaul Hamburg, but it is not probable, as his best representative, High- ball, is dead. It is therefore plain that we have not only the male-line of Glencoe, extinct every- where else in the wide earth, but that we have among Eclipse lines what England has not had for over twenty years — a good line of Don John through lago and Bonnie Scotland, the latter horse being the sire of the American filly Aranza that won several big races in England. In addition to that we have that great Matchem line that comes down to us through the sons of Spendthrift and Wildidle, but, of course, as those horses did not trace to any mare included in the Bruce Lowe system, neither Hastings, Kingston nor Lamplighter would be registered in the British Stud Book. That was why Mr. Keene brought Spendthrift back from England and the American public have good cause to thank him for it. If you ask why there is no successful St. Simon horse in all America, my only answer to that is we have yet to import one that is bred from a sire-producing line of mares. True St. Andrew got Articulate, one of the greatest race horses ever foaled in California, but just stop long enough to consider how that colt's dam was bred? By Martini Henry, a son of Musket and his dam the dam of Goldsbrough, who was all of ten pounds better than Sir Modred ; the next dam Uralla, sister to that great race horse Carlyon, by Chester; and the next dam Moonstone by Blair Athol from Amethyst by Touchstone, from Camphine by The Provost, a half-brother to Alice Hawthorne. And where are the rest of your St. Andrews? Masetto got two good horses in Tommy Atkins and Waring but Massetto has made thirteen seasons in the stud and certainly ought to have more good horses than those. Simple Simon, who raced under the name of Ilunciecroft, was about fit to stand for a barrel of corn on the cob ; and as for Simon Magus, who was out of the best mare in the bunch, he did well to get burnt up. The intelligent reader will therefore see that the Stockwell line is a long way the best of any line we now have in these United States of ours. Take- the winnings of all the St. Simon horses this year, through their progeny ; and the sum total would not equal the winnings accredited to one Stockwell horse alone— Meddler. St. Simon is a great horse, to be sure, but the mere fact that he headed the list nine times to Stockwell's seven proves nothing to me because in England they judge as we do, by the amount of money won and not the number of races. Now, let us examine this thing carefully and endeavor to judge the case without prejudice. St. Simon's best season was in igoo when he had £60,844 to his credit, with winners of the Derby, Oaks, St. Leger, Two Thousand and One Thousand Guineas, all five of the classic events of that year. Stockwell's best season was in 1866, when Lord Lyon won the Derby, Two Thousand and St. Leger, and Tormentor, by King Tom, won the Oaks in that year, while Repulse by Stockwell won the One Thousand. In th t year Stockwell's winnings were £61,391 and Tormentor's Oaks must have been worth at least £3000 to King Tom. As racing prizes, outside of the classics, which remain about the same, are worth from three to four times what they were in Stockwell's day, I fail to see where St. Simon has shown anything greater than aid Stockwell; and three out of every five of St. Simon's winners have a cross of Stockwell in them. Now then comes the query on the Bruce Lowe principle. Is not the success of these St. Simon performers from mares having a cross of Stockwell, owing largely to the fact that both Galopin, sire of St. Simon, and Stockwell also, came from the No. 3 family, orig- inating in the Byerly Turk mare which produced the two True Blues? Outside of mares having a cross of Stockwell, where would St. Simon be under your money test? What would he have amounted to under that test, without the aid of Per- 66 The American Thoroughbred simmon, Florizel II and Diamond Jubilee, among Derby winners ; Mrs. Butterwick and Amiable, both winners of the Oaks and One Thousand ; and Persimmon and Dia- mond Jubilee among St. Leger winners. Carrying it still further the success of his four great sons, Persimmon, St. Frusquin, Florizel II and St. Serf, and you find Stockwell in every one of them. No other sons of St. Simon have achieved any- thing in the stud worthy of mention, while each of the four above named is the sire of one or more classical winners. Now put that in your meerschaum and fumigate it. ENGLAND'S BELGRAVIAN DAMES. I do not think it would be right for me to close up this section of my book with- out some reference to the mighty matrons that have contributed so signally to the prestige of the English horse. People who read this work may ask why 1 devote so much space to English horses, but my answer is that the American thoroughbred horse is descended from the English horse of the same class, for two centuries of our existence as a nation had elapsed before we purchased the first stallion or mare im- ported from France or Australia. But as there can be no great stallion without a great mother, I take the ten greatest mares of England that have any direct bear- ing upon the American thoroughbred horse of today. PEWET, B M, 1786. This mare won the St. Leger in 1789 and was by Tandem (son of Syphon by Squirt-daughter of Regulus-Snap mare) her dam Termagant by Tantrum (Cripple by Godolphin-mare by the Hampton Court Childers) next dam by Regulus out of the dam of Marske who was the sire of Eclipse. Pewet's produce I do not pretend to give entire, but only such as affect modern breeding: 1802, Sir Paul, a bay colt, by Sir Peter, the Derby winner of 1787, mated with Evelina, a half-sister to Pewet, he got Paulowitz, the sire of Archibald, who won the Two Thousand; and also male-line ancestor of Wild Dayrell, the Derby winner of 1855, from whom come in direct line Buccaneer, See Saw, Kisber, Discord and other good ones in England; and Neckersgat, Dunlop, Gozo and Gaulus in the land of the Kangaroo. 1804, Paulina, winner of the St. Leger in 1807 and several other good races. Her daughters, Galatea by Amadis (son of Don Quixote) and Soldiers' Joy by the Colonel (St. Leger and dead heat for the Derby in 1828), have produced some good perform- ers. Galatea produced Camp Follower, dam of Rifleman who lost the St. Leger of 1855 (won by Saucebox) through bad riding; and Soldiers' Joy is to be found in many excellent modei^n pedigrees. 1812, Clinkerina by Clinker (Sir Peter-Hyale by Phenomenon) whose great son Humphrey Clinker was the sire of Melbourne that saved the male-line of Matchem from total extinction; also the sire of Bran (twice second for the Ascot Cup), Thump, Famine, Rush and others in Ireland. From Humphrey Clinker, in direct male-line, is descended Spendthrift, greatest of all American sires since 1870 because he is the only one to get two premier sires — Kingston and Hastings. EVELINA B M, 1791. By Highflyer out of Termagant (dam of Pewet, above) by Tantrum. Her only notable produce were : 1799' Orville, b c, by Beningbro' (St. Leger 1794) was a great race horse and got Octavius and Eniilius, winners of the Derby ; Ebor who won the St. Leger of The Modern British Thoroughbred Sy 1817, defeating Blacklock and others ; Muley, the only stalHon in history to get a Derby winner at 26 years of age; Master Henry, winner of The Whip (four miles) in 181Q and sire of that great broodmare Banter ; Edmund, sire of Margaret, dam of Ion and Eclat, dam of Little Red Rover ; Andrew, sire of Cadland who won the Derby of 1828; and of Gadabout, whose daughter. Miss Pratt, produced Echidna, dam of The Baron. Among other good matrons sired by Orville were Louisa, who pro- duced Jerry, St. Leger 1824; Desdemona, dam of Mulatto, Doncaster Cup of 1827 and sire of Bloomsbury; and two unnamed mares, respectively the dams of Heron (sire of Fisherman) and Slane, who lacked £15 of being the premier sire of England in 1845 . Candidly, I have the most serious doubts if a better sire than Orville ever lived. 1804, Orvillina, by Beningbrough, produced Sandbeck, the sire of Redshank and of Barbelle, dam of Flying Dutchman, who won the Derby and St. Leger of 1849 and the Ascot Cup of 1850 ; and of Van Tromp, by Lanercost, winner of the St. Leger of 1847 and Emperor of Russia's Cup in 1849. 1806, Cervantes, b c, by Don Quixote (sire of Sancho, St. Leger of 1804) got Neva, Oaks and One Thousand of 1817; the dam of Rebecca who produced Alice Haw- thorn, dam of Thormanby ; and the unnamed mare that produced jNIorpeth and Mel- bourne, the latter being the sire of West Australian and Blink Bonny. 1813, Paulowitz, b c, by Sir Paul. He got Archibald, winner of the Two Thou- sand Guineas, and Cain. The latter got Ion, who ran second in both the Derby and St. Leger of 1838; and Ion got Wild Davrell. Derby winner of 1855 and sire of Buccaneer. PENELOPE, B M„ 1708. Bred by the Duke of Grafton and got by Trumpator out of Prunella ' dam of Waxy Pope, Derby of 1809) by Highflyer, from Promise by Snap-Julia by Blank-Spec- tator's dam by Partner. She produced an unnamed filly that won one race. Also 1807, Whalebone, brc, by Waxy, won 20 races, including the Derby. Got 3 Derby winners and one each of the Oaks, Ascot Cup and Goodwood Cup. Sire of 252 winners of £81,263 and 38 Gold Cups. Died in 183 1. 1808, Web, b f. by Waxy. Produced ]\Iiddleton (by Phantom), Derby winner of 1825; Filagree, dam of Riddlesworth, 2000 guineas of 1831 and dam of Cobweb, Oaks of 1824, she being also the dam of Bay Middleton, Derby of 1836; and Trampo- line, dam of the great Glencoe, who won the 2000 guineas and Goodwood Cup of 1834 and Ascot Cup of 1835. 1809, WoFUL. b c, by Waxy. Won 12 races. Got Theodore, a St. Leger winner and 2 winners of the Oaks. His get won a total of $33,589 and six cups. Sold to Germany. 181 1, Wire, br f, by Waxy. Dam of Vat and Verulam. the former being ances- tress of Blue Gown, Derby of 1868. 1812, Whisker, b c, by Wax3% and the handsomest of all her produce. He won the Derby 1815 and got The Colonel and Memnon, winners of the St. Leger. His get won £55,140 and ib gold cups. 1814, Waterloo, b c, by Walton. Mr. Osborne says he won the St. Leger but that is incorrect, for Reveller, by Comus, won it in that year. He won only three races but got 2)7 winners of £11,754 and six cups. 1819, Whizgig. by Rubens. Won the 1000 guineas and produced Oxygen, winner of the Oaks in 1831. 1822, Waltz, ch f, liy Election (Derby of 1806), son of Gohanna. She produced ^lorisco (by JNIuley) who is found in many good pedigrees. Penelope and all these mares are in the Bruce Lowe system as Family No. i. 68 The American Thoroughbred YOUNG GIANTESS, B M, 1790. Bred by Sir Charles Bunbury, and got by Diomed (Derby of 1780 and afterwards sent to America. Her produce was : 1796, Sorcerer, bl c, by Trumpator. Won 16 races and got 180 winners of £82,108. 1798, Eleanor, by Whiskey. Won 28 races including the Derby and Oaks. Dam of Muley by Orville and Active by Partisan. See pedigree of Springbok, by imp;. Australian. 1799. Julia, br f, by Whiskey. Best two-year-old of her year. She won 15 races altogether including the July Stakes at Newmarket. Produced Phantom, who won the Derby of 181 1 and got Middleton and Cedric, winners of the Derby. 1801, Young Whiskey, b c, by Whiskey. Never won. Sire of Erebus, winner of 17 good races. 1802, Lydia, br f, by Whiskey. Won 13 good races and produced The Corporal. 1807, Cressida, by Whiskey. Won 5 races and produced Priam, winner of the Derby in 1830, as well as of 2 Goodwood Cups, carrying 139 pounds in the last one. It seems that with the solitary exception of Sorcerer, all of Young Giantess' colts were failures on the turf, while her fillies were extremely successful. Sorcerer was a great sire. He got Smolensko, Derby winner of 1813, who got the St. Leger win- ner Jerry; Soothsayer, St. Leger of 181 1 and sire of Tiresias, who beat Sultan in the Derby of 1819; and Comus, foaled in 1809 who was by far the best of his get though he won no classic races. He won 10 events, including the Claret Stakes at Newmarket and got Reveller and Matilda, winners of the St. Leger. His get won, in all 222 races of a value of £54,892, as well as three cups. He got that big and homely horse Humphrey Clinker who was the sire of the great Melbourne, but for whom the male- line of Matchem would now be extinct. MARPESSA, B M, 1830. By Muley out of Clare by Marmion (son of Whiskey) from Harpalice by Go- hanna. She produced : 1834, Jeremy Diddler, b c, by Jerry, sire of Sundeelah. 1837, Pocahontas, b f, by Glencoe. 1839, Boarding School Miss, ch f, by Plenipotentic.ry. She produced Rose de Florence by the Flying Dutchman. Sent to Australia. Rose de Florence produced five good winners and two good sires, Maribyraong and King of the Ring. The former got 4 winners of the Derby, and 6 of the St. Leger and 2 of the Oaks, all colonial of course. King of the Ring got First King, who was, in 1876, probably the best horse in the world at three miles. POCAHONTAS, B. M. 1837- Bred by Mr. Forth and got by Glencoe out of Marpessa above. She produced: 1843, Cambaules, by Camel, sire of Touchstone. 1848, Indiana, br. f. by Muley Moloch. Sent to Ireland and started twice with- out success. 1849, Stockwell, ch. c. by The Baron. Won the Two Thousand and St. Leger at three and the Whip at five. Won 12 races in all out of 17 starts. Headed the Sires' List 7 seasons. The Modern British Thoroughbred 6g 1850, Rataplan, ch. c. by The Baron. Ran 3rd in the St. Leger at 3 (won by West AustraHan) and in the Ascot Cup at 4. Won 42 races out of 71 starts, includ- ing the Manchester Cup (4 years, 130 lbs.) and 25 Queen's Plates, from 2^ to 3 miles. 185 1, King Tom, b. c. by Harkaway, won 2 races and was second to Andover in the Derby. Got i winner each of the Derby and St. Leger, 3 of the Oaks and 2 each of the One Thousand, Alexandra Plate and Cesarewitch. 1852, Strood, ch. c. by Chatham. A very poor horse. 1854, Ayacanora, ch. f. by Birdcatcher. Won 2 races at 2 years. Produced Talk of the Hill, by Wild Dayrell ; Chattanooga by Orlando, and Cachucha by Volti- geur. 1855, The Knight of Kars, by Nutwith (St. Leger 1843), son of Tomboy. He won 2 races, including the Derby Free Handicap, and was called one of the hand- somest horses of his day. 1858, Knight of St. Patrick, by Knight of St. George (St. Leger of 1854 and sold to America), he by Birdcatcher. This horse won four races, including the rich Bentinck Memorial (3 miles) at Goodwood, and got Moslem, who won the Two Thousand of 1868, after a dead heat with Formosa. 1859, Automaton, by Ambrose, who beat Macaroni at 2 years old and died that winter. i860. Auricula, by Ambrose, son of Touchstone. This mare won three races, including the Newmarket St. Leger. She produced Blandford by The Duke and that grandest looking horse of his day, Nuneham by Oxford. 1862, Araucaria, b. f. by Ambrose (No. 16 family). She never raced, but pro- duced Chamant, winner of the 2000 guineas in 1877 ; Apremont, brother to Chamant and a popular sire in New Zealand, both of these being by Mortemer ; and Rayon d'Or, by Flageolet (who defeated Doncaster twice), winner of the St. Leger of 1879 and imported into America by Hon. W. L. Scott. Died the property of August Belmont, Esq., of New York. Now here is a curious matter for me, though it may not be for iny readers. Camel, sire of Touchstone, and the Baron, sire of Stockwell and Rataplan, were both from No. 24 family in Mr. Bruce Lowe's system, and the only two stallions in that family that were worth a $100 bill. But it is a singular fact that Pocahontas' very worst foal should have been by Camel and her two best by The Baron, one of them being one of the greatest cup-winners that the world has ever seen, while the other was, in my belief, the greatest sire that ever looked through a bridle. Had you owned Pocahontas, as Mr. Theobald did, you would either have bred her to Touchstone or to his sire Camel ; and as Touchstone had not then established his prowess as a sire, it was very natural that Mr. Theobald should have selected his progenitor. Cambaules was emasculated at three years old, having been found utterly worthless for racing purposes, and is said to have ended his days between the shafts of a cab in London, while others say he was a gentleman's hack in Nottinghamshire and a very nice horse to ride. MANDANE, CH. M. 1800. By Pot-8-os-Young Camilla, produced: 1804, b. f. Scratch, by Whisky. 1805, b. c. Ernest by Buzzard. 1807, b. c. Flip by Whisky. 1808, b. f. by Trumpator. 1809, b. f. Manuella by Dick Andrews. Won the Oaks. 1810, ch. f. Altisidora by same. Won the St. Leger. yo The American Thoroughbred 1811, b. f. Petueria by Orville. 1813, b. c. Capt. Candid by Cerberus. 1816, ch. c. Procurant by Langton. 1819, b. f. Muta, by Tramp. 1820, br. c. Lottery, by Tramp. Won Doncaster Cup 1825. 1821, b. c. Brutandorf by Blacklock. Won Chester Cup 1826. 1822, b. f. unnamed by Whisker. This foal of 1822 was the dam of Liverpool, who defeated the St. Leger winner Chorister in the Gascoigne Stakes and subsequently became the sire of the great Lanercost. BEGGAR GIRL (BIGGOTINI), BR. F. 1815. By Thunderbolt — Tramp's dam by Gohanna, from Fraxinella by Trenthan. pro- duced : 1822, b. c. Bat by Oiseau. 1823, ch. c. Brass, by same. 1825, b. f. Bustle by Waxy Pope. 1826, b. f. Bittern by same. 1827, ch. f. Brine by same. 1829, b. f. Brandy Bet by Canteen. This mare is ancestress of Russborough, who ran a dead heat for the St. Leger of 1850 with Voltigeur, and is also ancestress of the famous Australian horses Melos (by Goldsbrough) and Wallace (by Carbine"), winners of the Victoria Derby and Champion race of three miles. ELLEN HORNE, B. ^L, 1844. This mare, of so little note in her own day, is now famous as the ancestress of the following noted winners, in female-tail line : Lord Lyon, b c, 1863, winner of the 2000 Guineas, Derby and St. Leger 1866. Sire of Placida, winner of the Oaks ; and IMinting, winner of the Grand Prix de Paris. Achievement, winner of the 1000 Guineas and St. Leger of 1867. Jannette, winner of the Oaks and St. Leger at 3 years and the Jockey Club Cup at 4. Bend Or, Derby winner of 1880, City and Suliurjjan of 1881 and Epsom Cup of 1882. Sire of the great Ormonde. Ladas, winner of the Derby and 2000 Guineas of 1894. Chelandrv (by Goldfinch, imported in California), winner of the 1000 Guineas of 1896. There is no mare in English stud history which, foaled since 1840, has made any such showing as has Ellen Home, who is also ancestress of Blue ]Mantle, ^lan-at-Arms, and Gardevisure, winner of the Cambridgeshire. Considering that she was by a third- class sire, Ellen Home's prominence is something wonderful. This brings me to the end of my English chapter, and I hope I have not offended any of my British critics, for I have endeavored to write free from prejudice and speak only of things as I have seen them in the fierce light of the history of a half- century. I may have erred in judgment, but believe I shall at least be given credit for honest intentions. PART IV. The American Thoroughbred ^^ 'The flag is lowered — they're off- — they cornel The squadron is sweeping on ! There's a sway in the crowd — a murmuring hum^ They're here — they're past — they're gone. They came with the rush of the southern surf On the bar of the storm-girt bay ; Andy like muffled drums on the sounding turf, Their hoof-strokes echo away." — Gordon. o h '^ Q< The American Thoroughbred It had been the custom, up to 1870, to regard no horse as thoroughbred, in the United States, unless he could show at least seven well authenticated crosses of what the French call "le pur sang,"" or the biood of horses tracing to some Arabian or other Oriental stallion imported into England, where all of our earlier importations were made prior to the Revolution, by citizens of the States of New York, Massachusetts and Virginia, the planters of the "Old Dominion" being by far the most liberal m- vestors in that direction. I append a list of many of the most valuable stallions im- ported in the pre-Revolutionary period. The initials stand as "D" for Darley Arabian, "B" for Byerly Turk, and "G"' for the line of the Godolphin Arabian. The figures denote date of importation (about). , NAME. FOALED. LINE. SIRE DAM's SIRE. REMARKS. All Fours .1774 D All Fours Daughter of Blank (G) Imp. into Connecticut. Americus .i/.SQ G Babraham ....Creeping Molly by Second.... Antaeus ..1768 Spectator Dam not given Stood in Virginia in 1771. Aristotle . .1764 Cullen Arabian. Daughter of Old Crab Babraham .1762 G Babraham .... Imp. Silver by Bellsize Arabian Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Babraham . 1776 Wildair Daughter of Babraham Raced as "Sir Harry." Babraham . 1768 C Babraham .... Daughter of Second Badger ...I77i C Bosphorus ....Daughter of Black & 2 Black. Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Bajazet ...1750 Bajazet Daughter of Old Crab Bashaw . . . 177.1 Wildair Imported Cub Mare Batchelor .1762 D Blaze Daughter of Gallant Bfey Bolton.... Bay Bolton ...Imp. Blossom by Sloe Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Bay Richmond. Highflyer Daughter of Eclipse Traces to Daffodil. 1774 Bay Richmond. Feather Matron by Cullen Arabian.... Imp. from Jamaica. 1772 Black Prince .. Cartouch Bretts mare by Greyhound. ... Raced in Ireland. Beau, gr. h . 1748 Babraham Riot by Regulus 1767 G Bolton ....1758 Shock Sister to Miss Partner Bonnyface .1772 Regulus Colt .. Fern Mare by Hutton's Royal. Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Bosphorus .1767 Bosphorus .... Daughter of Tartar Brunswick .1764 Oronooko ....Daughter of Babraham Believed a forgery. Brutus . . . 1756 G Regulus Miss Layton by Partner Bucephalus 1764 Locust Cade Mare — Partner Mare. . . . Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Buff Coat .1748 GGodol. Arabian. Silverlocks by B. Galloway.... Died Va. 1757. Bulle Rock 1718 D Darley Arabian Dam of Byerly 1urk Not in Eng. Stud Bk. 74 '^he American Thoroughbred NAME. LINE. SIRE DAM'S SIRE. REMARKS. Cade 1756 Cade, by Godol. Silvertail by Whiterose Stood at £35. Arabian .... Carver .... 1774 Young Snap . . Daughter of Blank Centinel . ..17.S8 Blank Naylor m by Cade Childers . . 17.SI D Blaze Daughter of Fox Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Crab 1746 Crab Daughter of Counsellor Died Va. 1750. Crawford . .1749 Cumberland Ar- Partner M — Snake M Not in Eng. Stud Bk. abian Creeper . . . 1772 G Tandem Harriet by Matchem Creole . . . .1750 A.ncaster Starl- Dapple's Dam Raced as "Negro." ing Cub 1748 Fox Daughter of Snake Dabster .. .1735 Hobgoblin .... Daughter of Spanker Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Dtivid ....1763 Gower Stallion. Daughter of Fox Cub Dormouse . 17.SQ Dormouse .... Diana by Whitefoot Dotterel ..1761 Changeling . . . Wynn's Arabian Colt Dove 1762 G Young Cade ..Daughter of Teazer Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Eclipse . . .I7.=^4 B lartner Bloody Bay Buttocks Called Harris Eclipse. Eclipse ...1774 Diclipse (O'Kel- Amaryllis bv Adolphus Imp. to Maryland. ly's) _ Eugenius ..1773 Chrysolite Daughter of Regulus Follower . 1766 G Blank Daughter of Partner Fearnaught 1764 G Regulus Silvertail by Whitenose Fellow ... .1763 G Cade Daughter of Goliah Flimnap ..1771 South Daughter of Cygnet Friar 1766 South Babraham Mare Genius . . .17.SQ G Babraham .... Aura by Stanford 'furl; Gift 1773 Cadormus Daughter of Second Granby . . ..1764 G Blank Daughter of Crab Hector .... 1745 G Lath Sister to Snip JJero i7.=;8 G Blank Dam of Gol. Arabian Herod .... i7q6 B Y. Herod .... Dam of Conductor Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Hob or Nob.1754 Goliah Dam of Bold Galloway Jack o'Diamonds Cullen Arabian Dam by Darley Arabian 1748 Jolly Roger 1760 Roundhead ....Dam of Croft's Partner Julius Caesar . . Young Cade . . Dam of Snip 1762 G Junius ....I75g Starling Dam of Crab Juniper . . . 1761 G Babraham .... Dam of Stamford Turk Justice ... .17.SQ G Regulus Bolton's Sweepstake Probably correct. Justice .... 1763 G Blank .-Vura by Stamford Turk King Hiram 1764 Glory Hall .... Rockingham m — Yaries Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Loth 1771 Shepherds Crab Crazy by Lath Raced as "Protector." Lofty I7.sg G Godolphin Ar- Spinster by Partner abian Lofty Snap Dam not given Died S. Carolina 1778 Lonsdale Jolly .Roger. .. Monkey m — Lou Arabian Date not given. Lycurgus G Blank Bowery Lass by Snip Magnum Boni- Matchem Swift m — Regulus m um 1775 G Mask 1764 G Y. Babraham .Old Cade mare Imp. to So. Carolina. T'/zi? American 'Thoroughbred y^ NAME. LINE SIRE DAMS SIRE REMARKS Matchem Bosphorus .... Villager m — Cnllen Ar Date not given. North Star 1772 G Matchem Oronooko mare Northumberland Bustard Crab m — Babraham mare 1767 Old England ... Ran at Phila. 1767. Oronooko .1769 Crab Miss Slamerkin Imp. at 24 years. Oscar 1766 Young Snip ..Morton's Arabian mare Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Othello ...1748 Crab Miss Slamerkin Raced as Black and all Black. Pacolet Spark Imp. Queen Mob Date not given. Pabor .... 1764 G Regulus Daughter of Cade Partner . . . 1766 B Partner Sister to Starling Partner Moses Godol. Arabian mare Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Pharaoh ..1761 B Croft's Partnei Godol. Arabian mare Porto 1771 B Herod Snap, mare (No taoineta given from Snap mare.) Prince .... 177.S B Herod Helen by Blank Ranter . . . .1762 Dimple Daughter of Crab Regulus ...I7.S4 Regulus Daughter of Partner Republican .... Dent. Ancaster. Daughter of Old Royal Not in Eng. Smd Bk. Selim 1768 BBajzet ^Miss Thigh by Rib Shadow .. .1759 G Babraham Daughter of Starling Shock 1744 B Jigg Daughter of Partner Silver Eye Cullen Arabian. Daughter of Curwen Barb Sir Walter Marplot Princess by Turk (Spurious Pedigree.) Skim I74Q Starling Miss Mayes Skim 1760 Cullen Arabian Not given Slip (or Slim) Babraham Sadbury More 1772 G Slouch 1752 G Cade Little Hartley Mare Sloven .... 1768 Cub Bolton Starling mare. .■ Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Snap 1766 D Snap Vanesa by Regulus Snipe 1768 Snap Daughter of Blank Sober John 1748 Rib Dam unknown Spark D Aleppo Bartlett's Childers mare Sportsman 1764 Son of Blaze. .. Daughter of Gold Back Starling . . 1767 Old Starling . . Godol. Arabian mare Starling . . 1764 Young Starling. Godol. Arabian mare Starling (gray) Young Starling. Godol. Arabian mare 1764 Sweeper . . 1758 Sloe Dam of Mogul Stood in S. Carolina. Tarquin ..1728 Hampt. Court Leedes mare Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Arabian Imp. by Col. Boyles, Tom Jones 17.S.S Partner .. , . . Dam of True Blue Va. Traveler . .1756 Fraveler Bartlett's Childers mare Bro. to the one above. Traveler . . 1759 Partner B. Bloody Buttocks Not in Eng. Stud Bk. Vampire . . 1769 Regulus Wildair's Dam Young Spot ... Old Spot Regulus mare Not in Eng. Stud Bk. With the foregoing list of ante-Revolutionary importations before you, it is easy to see how forged pedigrees could be palmed off upon an unsuspecting public. Later on, I shall show how horses of even greater reputation as performers were palmed off as thoroughbreds, one of which was a great horse himself and the sire of the yb The American ^thoroughbred greatest campaigner ever foaled in America. Several others will be dealt with in a like manner, and no effort made towards screening any malefactors in this direction. From the above may be gleaned the fact that we imported winners of the Derby, of the St. Leger and of the Two Thousand Guineas, nearly all of whom turned out worthless. Glencoe was worth the whole bunch, and M>argrave was certainly worth at least one-half of them. Trustee, who ran second to St. Giles in the Derby of 1832 and beat Margrave in the Claret Stakes of the year following, was worth all the Derby winners ever imported, except St. Blaise ; and all the St. Leger winners, barring Margrave and Don John, the latter of whom died before making a season. Look over the list of importations into Australia and you will find that they never imported a Derby winner at all, only one of the St. Leger and two winners of the Two Thousand Guineas; and it is a grave doubt if we ever bred as good a horse as Grand Flaneur or Carbine, to say nothing of the honest little Chester, who started in 41 races, won 19 and was only four times outside the money. My idea is that, in the importation of winners of classic races, our English brethren contributed largely to our education in metallurgy by handing us a good many large-sized gold bricks. Sir Harry was one of these Derby winners, and I can only find him in the pedigree of Wild Dayrell (Derby of 1855) and of Diamond Jubilee and Persimmon, nearly fifty years later. For horses of the intervening generations of that line I would not give forty dollars apiece. Then there were two full brothers. Archduke and Paris, both by the truly great Sir Peter, both Derby winners and each about fit to stand the season for a barrel of corn — and on the cob at that — while their full brother, Stamford, of no reputation as a turf horse, was one of the greatest of broodmare sires up to 1820. Priam, who won the Derby of 1830 and the Goodwood Cup of 1832 with 139 pounds, was a different sort of animal, for he got three winners of the Oaks in his first four seasons (showing conclusively that his daughters were of more account than his sons) a stud feat equalled only a half-century later by the unrivalled St. Simon. He also got Day of ■ Algiers, winner of the Chester Cup, and Illiona, who won the Cesarewitch. Imported Monarch, whom he got from Delphine (almost a sister to The Colonel, St. Leger, 1828) before leaving England, was not to be included in his American progeny, all of which were very badly knee-tied and very difficult to train on account of their having big bodies and light legs. It took a half century of breeding to short-legged and substantial horses like Boston, Lexington, Lecompte and their type of horses, to eradicate the structural defects inflicted upon the American thoroughbred horse by the importation of this self-same gallant, speedy but outrageously-built Priam. Come out to California and I will show you his replica— the Emperor of Norfolk, the most magnificent horse, above his hocks and knees, that a man could ask to see. Grand Flaneur, in Australia, resembled him more than any horse I ever saw, but he had good legs and a great pedigree, while the Emperor of Norfolk comes from a line of mares that never had yet produced as good as a third-class sire. And he is the Priam of America— the only horse that ever carried off all three of the annual fixed events, for his age, at Chicago— the Derby, Sheridan and Drexel— and, probably, the only horse that ever will. Take it home to your heart, student of these pages, and remember what the Honorable James White, of Australia, told me sixteen years ago, "My Dear Sir, a breeder's path is full of thorns. We breed great race horses every year of our lives, but we breed sires about three times a century." Hence I am frank to say that the Australians who, prior to i860, bred merely for substance and bone, ignoring previous performances on the part of their imported stallions, have bred wiser than we. Outside of St. Blaise and Diomed, our Derby winners were absolutely worthless, while Margrave is about the only St. Leger winner whose name can, today, be found in the tabulations of any distinguished American performers. Glencoe, a Two Thousand Guineas winner and unable to reach better than third place in the Derby (to Plenipo and Shillalagh) was worth all the Derby T'he American T'horoughbred 77 ' and St. Leger winners imported by us, if you will kindly throw out "the hammer- headed Margrave" and St. Blaise, but you must remember likewise that Glencoe won the Ascot Cup, to confirm his races of the previous year ; and that, at five years old, he walked over for the "Whip" at four miles (a v/hip made from the tail of Eclipse), a contest in which the world-famous Touchstone declined to become a participant. All the foregoing importations were made prior to the Revolution, which put a quietus on all breeding operations for the next ten years. About 1790, however, matters began to revive and importations of mares, as well as stallions commenced once more in earnest. The most valuable mare imported in that era was Castianira, foaled in 1796 and bred by Mr. Popham, whose grandson, more than half a century later, bred that big and beautiful Derby winner. Wild Dayrell. She was by Rocking- ham, son of Highflyer, out of Tabitha by Trentham, from a daughter of Bosphorus, from a sister to Grecian Princess by Forester. Her American produce was as follows : 1803 bl c by imp. Mufti. 1805 b c Sir Archy by imp. Diomed (Derby 1780). 1806 b f Highland Mary by same. 1807 cb c Hephestion by imp. Buzzard (Woodpecker). 1808 b f Castania by imp. Archduke. 1809 sr f Virgo by imp. Sir. Peter Teazle. 1810 b f Noli-me-Tangere by Topgallant. I should always have been disposed to give imported Diomed (notwithstanding his seventeen years of failure in England) the credit for that great and prepotent sire Sir Archy, had I never gone to Australia. But when I got over there and began to study Australian pedigrees, I found "Tabitha by Trentham" hot land thick among pioneer importations, long before people had begun to import stallions or mares from England with any speculative motives in view. Hephestion by imp. Buzzard (who got Selim, Castrel and Rubens before leaving England) was a fairly good horse but nowhere near such a sire as Sir Archy. "Impar Congressus Achilli" as the Roman had said on a previous occasion. I now give the stallions iruiported between the close of the Revolution and the "late unpleasantness" which began in 1861. 7S The American Thoroughbred SECOND EPOCH— i7Sj to 1861 NAME. FOALED. LINE. SIRE. Adniftral 1779 H Florizel . Adm>iral Nelson ..1805 H John Bull Ainderby (2) 18.32 E Velocipede Albion (11) 18.37 E Actaeon . Alderman 1787 E Pot-a-os Alexander I7Q4 E Ambassador 1794 E Ambassador 1839 E Alexander . . . Emilius*' Plenipotentiary Anfield i860 H The Confessor Antonio 1856 H Arracan i860 E Archibald (3) 1801 H Atlantic 1836 E Australian (11) ...i8.s8M Autocrat 1822 H Aysgarth (9) 1856 E Balrownie (10) ....18.S0E Barefoott 182c E Baronet 178.sE Barksdale Colt 179.3 H Bedford (3) 1792 E Belshazzar (11) ...1830E Blenkiron 1869 E Bonnie Scot. (10). .i8.S3 E Bosquet iSs.S M Brahma (10) 18.33 H Brilliant (2) I79i H Bryan O'Lynn (5).. 1796 H Burgundy (4) ....1867E Buzzard 1787 H Cannon 1789 E Carlo '. 179.S H Cetus 1827 E Chance I797 H Chariot 1789 H Clifton 1797 H Clown 178.S H Couer de Leon 1789H Comus (Berner's) . . 1829 M Consol 1828 E Bay Middle- ton* Ambrose Walnut Actaeon West Austin*t Grand Duke . Barnton Annandale . . . Tramp D . . . . Vertumnus . .. Highflyer . . . . Dungannon . .. Blacklock . . . . Sauterne G. . . lago Game Boy. . . . Solyman Phenomenon. . Acton Claret Woodpecker . Dungannon . . Balloon Whalebone . . . Lurcher Highflyer . . . Abbe Thule . . Bourdeaux . .. Highflyer . . . . Comus Lottery DAM REMARKS Diomed's Dam Olivia Kate by Catton Panthea By Cain or Acta- eon. Actaeon given as sire. Lady Bolingbroke. . . . Sweet Briar M Trapes by Tramp .... Jenny INIills, imp.... Foaled after land- ing. Eugenia Landed in Nova Scotia. Sister to Aegis Bro. to Andover* Ava by Lanercost . . . Javelin mare Miss. Craven Emilia imp Raced as "Milling- Olivetta ton." Inheritor m Bartnon, bro. to Queen Mary Voltigeur. Rosamond Penultima Eclipse mare Fairy by Highfli Manuella* Ran 3rd in St. Le- ger. Feodrowna Said to have got Queen Mary no foals. Miss Betsy Scrambler Faith Le Sang mare Miss Jephson Deux by Matchem. . Sire of Selim. Miss Spindleshanks. . Sister to Peter Pindon Lamia Recovery •. . Florizel mare Eustalia Eclipse mare Dido by Eclipse Rotterdam Cerberus mare Sire of Miss Foote The American Thoroughbred 79 NAME. Consternation . Contract Cormorant . . . . Coronet Crawler Cruiser Cumberland . . . . Cynthus Daghee Dancing Master Dare Devil Darlington Derby De Bash Diomed Dion Doncaster Don Quixote . . . Dragon Driver Druid Dungannon . . . Eagle FOALED. [841 787 82.=; 7Q2 8.S2 8.^6 7Q9 82Q Emancipation . Emu Englishman . . Envoy Escape Escape Espersykes . . . Expedition . . . Express Exton Felt Firebrand .... Piretiail Flatterer Flexible Fly-By Night . Fox Frederick .... Fylde Gabriel Glencoe Gouty Greyhound . . . Hambleton . . . Hark Forward Hedgeford . . . 787 787 8.31 792 in 795 834 784 780 786 796 LINE. SIRE. M Confederate . . E Catton H Woodpecker . E Catton H Highflyer . . . H Venison E Camel H Acacia E Muley H Woodpecker . H Magnet M Clothier H Sir Peter Lely E King Fergus . H Florizel H Spadille E Longwaist . . . E Eclipse H Woodpecker . M Driver E Pot-8-os E Dungannon . . E Volunteer . . . . 827 E 832 M 812 E 833 E 798 E 784 H 837 E 795 E 786 M 791 H 826 H 802 H 79.SH 831 E 822 E 8.S3 H 832 E 810 H 824 H 7goH 831 H 796 H 794 M 791 E 840 E 825 H DAM Curiosity Helen Nettletop Paymaster .mare. . . Harriet Buccaneer's Dam. . Matilda Yarico Sheik mare Madcap Hebe Highflyer mare . . . Imp. Urganda Highflyer mare . . . Sister to Juno Faith Lady Erro Grecian Princess. . . Juno by Spectator. Dorimant mare . . . Maid of the Oaks. Flirtilla Highflver mare Whisker Picton Eagle (imp.) . Meninon Precipitate . . . Highflyer Belshazzar . . . Pegasus Postmaster . .. Highflyer .... Langar Buzzard Phenomenon . Muley Whalebone . .. Fl'g Dutchm'n Stumps Selim Antoniot Dorimant . . . . Sultan Sir Peter . . . . Sweetbriar . . . Dungannon . . Economist . . . Filho da Puta. Beeswing's Dam Cuirass Sister to Timidity. . , Zarina Woodpecker mare. . Thistle Running Rein's Dam, Active Syphon mare lo by Spectator. . . . Steam Fanny Columbine Clare by Marmion.. Themis The Flapper Fitz James mare. . . . Englishman's Dam.. Fadladinada Highflyer mare Trampoline Yellow mare Miss Green Snap mare Fanny Dawson Miss Craigie Not in Eng. S. B. Won Derby 1780. Bro. to Alexander Bro. to Derby win- ner. Ran 3d in St. Le- .ger. A good sire. Won Chester Cup 1830. Best imp. to date. She won the Oaks. Bro. to Harkaway Bro. to Birming- ham. Hibiscus 1834 H Sultan Duchess of York... 8o The American Thoroughbred NAME. Highflyer Highlander Highlander (Grey) Honest John Hooton Hugh Lupus Iota Jack Andrews . . . . John Bull John Bull* Jonah Jordan Justice Kilton King of Cymry King William Knowsley .... Langford FOALED. LINE. SIRE. 78.3 H Highflyer 799 M Paymaster . . . 783 H Bordeaux 794 H Sir Peter 840 H Despot 8.s6 E Priam^ 854 E Storm 794 E Joe Andrews.. 833 E Chat. Margaux 789 H Fortitude 795 H Escape 833 H Langar 782 H Justice 833 H Figaro 847 E Touchstone . . . 782 H Florizel 796 H Sir Peter 833 E Starch Lapdog* Lapidist Lawyer Leopard Leviathan Lightning . . . . Liverpool Colt Lochiel Ludford Lurcher Luzborough . . Magic Mag. Needle . Manfred Mango DAM Angelica Harper's Herod mare Teetotum Sister to Windlestone Catton mare Her Highness Beta by Voltaire Highflyer mare Woful mare Xantippe Lavender Matildat Miss Timms Blacklock marc Merganser Milliner Capella Peri Not in Eng. S. B. Sister to Alexan- der. 823 E Whalebone . . . Spaniel's Dam 849 E 8.S2 E 842 E 823 E 798 E 838 E 85.SH 832 E 832 M 820 H 794 E 788 H 796 H 834 E Touchstone . . . lo by Taurus Flatcatcher .. . Mrs. Wright Liverpool .... Sneaker by Camel. . Muley Windle mare Mambrino .... Gimcrack mare - Liverpool St. Patrick mare. ... Sweetmeat . . . The Mitre Wamba ' Idalia Grey Leg Harpalice Ditto* Dick Andrews mare Volunteer .... Marcella Magnet Sweetbriar mare.... Woodpecker . Mercury mare Emilius Mustard Margravet 1829 E Master Robert 1783 H Mendoza 1789 E Mercer 1836 E Merman 1826 E Merryfield 1808 E Messenger 1781 E Meux 1833 H Mickey Fee 1841 E Monarch 1834 E Muley Election mare. . . . Star Y. Marske mare. Javelin Paymaster mare. . Emilius* Young Mouse .. . Whalebone . .. Mermaid Cockfighter . . . Star mare Mambrino .... Turf mare Dam of Sir Her- cules. Produced 2 Derby winners. Imp. into Canada. Brought to Cal. loth best impor<t. Dam of Pantaloon 3d dam of Stock- well. Very worthless considering his performances A truly great sire Y. Phantom Birdcatcher E Priam* . . Cerberus mare . Annie (Colly). . Imp. Delphine Mordecai 1833 E Lottery Welbeck mare Morven 1836 E Rowton t Nanine Founder of the American trot- ting horse. Won Great Ebor Handicap. Won 9 races, nev- er beaten. Dam of Glaucus. I^he American Thoroughbred Si NAME. Mousetrap . Mufti Nonplus . . . North Star Oberon .... Obscurity . . O'Kelly . . . Onus , Oscar Pantaloon . . Passaic . . . . Paymaster . . Pl],enomenon'i Philip FOALED. [789 784 824 795 805 778 794 834 795 778 8.36 792 780 Phoeni.x . . . . Play or Pay. Portland . . . Precipitate . Priam* Puzzle Restless . . . . Revenge . . . . Richard . . . . Riddlesworth .... Robin Redbreast . Rhoderick Dhn . . Rodney Rudolph Roman Roscius Rowtont Royalist Saltram* Sarpedon Scout Scythian Sea Gull Serab Shakespeare Shamrock Sharpcatcher Silver Sir Harry* Sir Peter Teazle . Sir Peter Teazle Sir P. Teazle (Yoi Sir Robert Sir Tatton LINE. SIRE. E Y. Marske. . . . H Fitz Herod . . . E Catton M Matchem M Oberon E Eclipse H Anvil E Camel E Saltram* .... H Herod M Reveller H Paymaster . . . H Herod H Filho da Putat 790 791 8.34 787 827 831 789 791 818 828 E 796 H 807 H 790 H 828 E 815 E 841 H 826 E 790 E 780 E 828 E 8.36 E 851 E 787 H 821 H 823 M 836 H 859 E 789 E 795 H 791 H 802 H ng) H 801 832 H 856 E DAM Gentle Kitty Infant mare Miss Garforth Lass o' the Mill Ranthos mare Careless mare Eclipse mare Rubens mare Highflyer mare Nutcracker Rachel, sist. to Moses Otho mare Frenzy Treasure A good sire. Dragon Portia Ulysses Herod mare Recovery Walton mare Mercury Herod mare Emilius* Cressida Reveller Juniper mare Phenomenont . Duchess of Le Sang. Achilles Lively Lass Orvillet Miss Sophia Bro. to Leda and Arachne. Bro. to Gohanna. Won Goodwood Cup with 139 lb. at 5 years. Not in Eng. S. B. Bro. to Master Henry. Emilius Sir Peter . . . . Sir Peter . . . . Paymaster . . . Der Freischutz. Camillus Gambol Oiseau Saltram* . . . . Eclipse Emilius St. Nicholas . . Orlando* Woodpecker . Phantom . . . . Smolensko* . .. St. Patrickt. .. Flatcatcher . . . Mercury . Sir Peter Sir Peter Sir Peter Sir Peter Filagree Wren by Woodpecker Y. Marske mare Nina Frailty Leon Forte Negociator mare Katherine Herod mare Virago by Snap .... Icaria Mrs. Walker Scythia Middlesex Jessy Charming Molly .... Delight imp Daughter of Cowl . . . Herod mare Matron Lucy Vivaldi's dam Alexander mare Won Chester Cup 1854. Imported in utero. Sire of Haxall's Moses. Bobadil Fedalma Dan O'Rourke Hampton mare 82 'The American Thoroughbred NAME. Skylark . FOALED. LINE. SIRE. . . . 1826 E Waxy Pope" Slender Somersault Somonocodron . Sorrow Sourcroiit Sovereign Spadille Speculator Spread Eagle* . Stafford Star Stirling Stone Plover . . . Strap Stratford St. George St. Giles* St. Paul Tattersall Telegraph Teneriffe The Tester Tickle Toby . . . . Toby Tom Breese Tom Crib Touchstone Trafalgar Tranby Traveler True Blue True Blue Truffle (Young) Trustee Tup Valentine Valparaiso Venetian Victor}^ Volney Warminster . . . . Waxey Pope . . . Whale Whip William IV Wonder Wonder Wrangler 780 H 858 E 830 E 8.1s E 786 H 8^6 E 785 H 79.S H 7g2 E 8.33 E 78.SH 791 E 850 E 800 E 834 789 H 82Q E 787 H 8.37 H 79.SH 832 E 8.S3 M 786 M 786 H 83.S H 847 H 794 ^r 796 H 826 E 732 E 797 H 866 E 824 M 820 E 796 E 823 E 831 E 786 H 825 H 833 E 8.S9E ... E 850 E 794 E 8.34 E 794 H 788 H 794 H Herod Voltigeur Brut andorf C Defence Highflyer . . . . Emilius* .... Highflyer . . . . Dragon Volunteer . . . Memnont Highflyer . . . . Volunteer . . . . Cotherstone . . Beninbrought . Shakespeare . . Highflyer . . . . Tramp Highflyer . . . Saracen Sir Peter . . . Conqueror . . . . Melbourne . . . , Alfred Highflyer . . . . St. Patrickt. . . Gladiator . . . . Matchem Sky Rocket . . Blacklock .._ Eclipse Walnut Vedette Truffle Catton Javelin Magistrate . . . Velocipede . .. Doge Waterloo .... Velocipede . . . Newminstert . Waxy Pope* . Whalebone* . Saltram* .... Tranby (imp.) Phen'omenont. Florizel Diomed* .... DAM REMARKS Musician mare Won Corinthian Stakes at York virith 168 lbs. up (1832). Ruth Bro. to Highflyer. Golconda Traveler mare Imported Tears Jewel Fleur de Lis Flora Sister to Sting Highflyer mare Piscator mare Snap mare Harriet The Wryneck Highflj-er mare Pheasant Eclipse mare Arcot Lass Dam of 2 Derby Puritjr winners. Minnow Fame Mulatto marc Pickledust Celia by Herod Matchem mare Maria Jemima Regulus mare Miss Hebe Miss Bowe's Dam... Herod mare K. Fergus mare Amaranth Helen Emma Bro. to Mundig. Flavia 1835 ]\Iiss Forester Juliana Helen Adeline Voltaire's Dam Black Bess Swordsman Mare.... Bred in Ireland Rectory Herod mare Codicil Diomed mare Sacharisa Fleacatcher The American 'Thoroughbred NAME FOALED LINE. SIRE. DAM Yorkshire 1796 L Jfiipiter Madcap . Yorkshire 18.34 E Young Barnton .... 1854 E Young Fazzoletto . 1857 E Young Flatcatcher . 1856 E Zinganee, A 1825 E Zinganee Colt 1836 E REMARKS St. Nicholas . . Miss Rose Barnton ..... Envy by Perion Dam of Imp. Aus Fazolletto .... Emilia imp tralian.' Flatcatcher . . Miss Gilmour Tramp D .... Folly Zinganee A. . . Theresa Paraza * Won the Derby; t won the St. Leger; A won the won the Doncaster Cup; G won the Goodwood Cup. Ascot Cup; C won the Chester Cup; D r H E THIRD EPOCH From the Close of the Civil War to Date The civil war virtually closed up all the breeding farms in Virginia and put a pretty harsh crimp into those of Kentucky and Tennessee. But before peace had been declared and while the war clouds still hung over the land, the first step was taken in the direction of modern first-class racing by the Laclede Jockey Club of St. Louis, the first racing association in America to diversify its programmes by giving races at fractional distances, similar to those in England. It had long been well known to our most sagacious turfmen that there were plenty of horses that, in those days of heats at three and four miles, could stay well up to two and a half miles but were "out of it" at three miles ; or that could run fast up to a mile and a half but could not win at two. The Laclede Club, therefore, gave three races each day. one for $i,coo, and the other two being stake events with from $3,000 to $5,000 added. It was the most brilliant meeting held in America, outside of New Orleans, for the previous fifty years ; and there it was that Norfolk, Asteroid. Ulverston, Bayflower and Rhynodine earned their first laurels. That summer, John Morrissey, ex-prize fighter and future Congressman, leased an old trotting track at Saratoga, N. Y"., that had been laid off in 1852 by William Woodruff (a brother of the only Hiram) and converted it into a running track with a lot of purse races, graduated on the following scale : Mile heats $400 Four-mile heats $1000 Two-mile heats $600 Mile heats, 3 in 5 $500 Three-mile heats $800 In addition to these were two stake races of $100 each, half forfeit, with $600 added for two-year-olds, at one mile; and $800 for the 'three-year-old stake. The two- year-old stake was won by Satinstone, by Lapidist, and the three-year-old event by Captain Moore, by imported Balrownie, out of Jenny Rose by imported Glencoe. The two-mile heats were won by the Canadian horse Thunder, by Lexington out of Blue Bonnet ; the three-mile race by Rhynodine, by Wagner out of Ann Watson by Glencoe ; and the four-miles by Jerome Edger (then re-christened John Davidson) by Star Davis. It was evident that racing at the North was in a fair way of revival and Morrisey gave out there would be an increase of purses and stakes in the following .year, as well as an augmentation of accommodations for visitors. It was at this Saratoga meeting that auction pools were sold (by Dr. Underwood) for the firs! time at the North, though they had been sold ten years previously at the Southern tracks by the same intelligent gentleman. It was not known, however, until October, 1866, that racing at the North assumed a tangible and permanent shape, through the opening of Jerome Park, situated on the line of the Harlem railroad in Westchester County, New York, in what is now called the "Department of the Bronx," from the little river of that name. It was a curiously, yet picturesquely, located piece of ground with a high bluff about the middle of the back-stretch. This led to the construction of a mile track shaped like the accompanying diagram : X X The bluff on which was situated a beautiful club house. T^he American 'Thoroughbred 8^ This track was built as a private enterprise on the part of Leonard W. Jerome, a wealthy stock broker of New York, and leased to the American Jockey Club, of which that many-sided man, the elder August Belmont, was president ; and Dr. John B. Irving, of South Carolina, was secretary, but retired at the end of two seasons in favor of Major Charles Dickinson, under whom I served as a copying clerk in the legislature of 1855, at Sacramento, he being the Secretary of the Senate. If ever a man was fit to take up a decadent sport and place it upon a permanent and secure footing, that man was the elder August Belmont ; and an acquaintance of twelve years with his son, August, enables me to pronounce him "a chip of the old block." If you wanted a leader in society, he was one, a strong believer in the money power but, for all that, a sturdy stickler for the aristocracy of intellect. Did you want a statesman who was not a chronic-office-seeker? Read Mr. Belmont's speech of 1848 before the Peace Conference at the Hague. A financier, did you say? Re- member that he came to New York, about one step above a confidential clerk in 1834 and died in 1889 worth twenty-four millions, all honestly-earned money with no dirt sticking to it; and that our present foreign exchange system, in banking, is due more to his splendid business ability than to that of any other dozen men in America, living or dead. And as for the turf, he was the great High Priest. It is given to but few men to shine in as many walks of life as he did. The reason of this is that, under a very abrupt manner (at times), and a choleric temper superinduced by a bullet wound in a duel in bis earlier life, he hid a strongly sympathetic nature and a helping band at all times for "the underi dog in the fight/' As a more gifted writer than myself said of him at the time of his death, "he was so intensely versatile that nothing human was alien to the broad guage of his nature." Another friend of mine said of him, "Belmont is a born Spartan, brave as a bull-dog and generous as the town pump." Is it any wonder that, under the leadership and tutelage of such a man, the American Jockey Club placed racing in these United States of ours on an equal plane with the great sport in England and France The hour found the man. On the dissolution of Jerome Park and its subdivision into residence property, the sweepstake races were taken over and continued at Morris Park in 1892. Morris Park will soon share the fate of Jerome Park and the scene will shift to the new Belmont Park, which will cost two millions before it takes in a single dollar at its gates. It is the work of the old Master Spirit's son, of course, but the few veterans who, like myself, "lag superfluous on the stage" of life, will recall the sturdy little old man with the fur-lined overcoat and the heavy cane, as they hear "the name to be conjured with." Mr. Belmont imported the stallions, Glenelg and The 111 Used, both great sires, whose daughters have been amongst our best producers ; thoroughbred mares, mostly from the Rothschild and Blenkiron paddocks in England ; and so many in number that I have no space in which to enumerate them but am compelled to refer the reader to the pages of the American Stud Book. With racing fairly established at* Jerome Park, there soon sprung up a rival racing plant at Pimlico, in Maryland, the leader in which was the late Colonel Odin Bowie. As permanent fixtures at that track I may mention the Bowie Stakes, at four miles, won by that great horse, imported Glenelg, in 1869, beating Niagara, own sister to the mighty Preakness, hero of the dead heat at Saratoga — the fastest race in America up to that time, 1875. and the walk-over winner of the Brighton Cup in England in the year that followed. Two other fixed events of that course were the Dixie and Breckinridge Stakes, run four days apart, both at two miles but conditioned that the winner of the Dixie should carry 5 lbs. penalty in the Breckinridge. If my memory is not surely at fault, the only horse to win both these events was the bay filly Vandalite, by Vandal (who saved the male line of Glencoe from extinction) out of Vesperlight by Childe Harold, son of Sovereign. Vandalite died the property of Mr. James B. Haggin, at Sacramento, California, in 1898. The decadence of racing at S6 'The American Thoroughbred Baltimore, for it ceased several years prior to Col. Bowie's death, was largely owing to that gentleman's insisting upon acting as presiding judge while owning contending horses in the races at that place. The Coney Island Jockey Club's plant was established in 1884 at Sheepshead Bay and was inaugurated with the first running of the "Surburban Handicap," now worth $20,000; and the Brooklyn Jockey Club, in 1887, opened a new track at Gravesend with a race known as the "Brooklyn Handicap," won by Dry Monopole, with Blue Wing second and Hidalgo third, in a heads-apart finish that is still referred to as the greatest contest ever seen on that already classic ground. There are a large number of valuable handicaps and sweepstakes run at both of these tracks, but it is only of those at Sheepshead Bay that I now propose to speak, the Realization for three-year- olds at one mile and five furlongs, run late in June : ^and the Futurity Stakes for two- year-olds, run at six furlongs, during the last week in August. The Realization was inaugurated in 1887 and was won by Mr. J. B. Haggin's ch c Salvator, by imported Prince Charlie out of Salina by Lexington. Its value was $34,000 in that year, the highest sum ever reached in that race, from which it has steadily declined till in 1902 (won by Major Dangerfield) its total was but $12,875 or 'about 30 per cent of its original value. It has been won but once by an imported colt, The Friar, in 1897 ; and imported Eothen (by Hampton) is the only stallion to get two winners of the Realization, so far — Requital in 1896 and Ethelbert (Perry Belmont's colt) in 1899. The Futurity was inaugurated in 1888 and won in that year by Proctor Knott (son of Luke Blackburn) with Salvator second and a Missouri-bred colt called Galen third. I did not see the race — nor any other Futurity, for that matter, being then on duty at ]\Ielbourne as one of a Board of Commissioners from America to the World's Fair commemorating the centennial of that antipodean city. The value of the Futurity in that year was $40,900 but in 1890, when Potomac and Masher (both bred by the elder Belmont) ran one-two for it, its value had risen to $67,775, gross value of course. Since then it has steadily declined in value till, in 1899 when it was won by ]Mr. J. R. Keene's Chacornac, its gross value was but $30,630. I can only regard this race as a national calamity for it has led up to the training of a lot of large and growthy two-year-olds that have been knocked to pieces by the severe exercise to which they were subjected. As a proof of what I say, let me show you that, in fifteen renewals of the Realization, it has otily been twice won by the Futurity winner of the previous year — Potomac in 1891 and Requital in 1896. We had already too much two-year-old racing before the Futurity was started up and it has only served to intensify a deeply-rooted evil, with little or no prospect of its amelioration. Look over this comparative table : Proctor Knott . . Salvator FUTURITY. I 0 REALI- ZATION 0 I Potomac Strathmeath . . . . His Highness . . . I 3 I I 0 Tammany Morello 0 I I 0 Domino Dobbins I 3 0 I Butterflies I 0 Requital . Ogden . . . FUTURITY. REALI- ZATION I 0 L'Alouette 0 Martimas 0 Chacornac 0 Ethelbert Pr. of Ml Parader elbourne. . ... 0 ... 0 ... 0 I I I Hamljurff Belle .... , . . . I 0 Of course as long as it costs but $10 to nominate a mare in the Futurity with but one subsequent payment before the yearlings are sold at auction, just so long will extensive breeders like Mr. J. B. Haggin (who has nearly one thousand mares) and a score of others who own from fiftv to one hundred matrons, to continue to nominate "The American Thoroughbred Sy the produce of their mares in the Futurity ; and as a natural consequence, from 200 to 500 good two-year-olds are annually knocked to pieces in a vain effort to bring them to the post in the great Futurity. If men would only train small colts and fillies for two-year-old events, like the Futurity, the Matron and the Saratoga special, say youngsters of 15 hands high, there could be no great harm in such racing. But when they take up a sixteen-hander in April and try to make him win these big events, they chance the ruin of what might become a Henry of Narvarre, a Delhi or an Irish Lad, all great winners at three. At the bottom of all this there can be nothing but greed. I speak plainly on matters of this sort, as I do on nearly everything else. I always endeavor to say a kind word where I can; and surely, the right to applaud carries with it the right tp censure. Legitimate racing in the middle West (except at St. Louis, already referred to) languished for a long time. Kentucky had become the cradle of the thoroughbred horse immediately after the Civil War was ended and the prominence of the Old Dominion, as a breeding ground was gone forever. In 1875 the Kentucky Derby and Louisville cup were established, the former race being won four times by geldings in its first seven years. Twenty years ago, the winner of a Kentucky Derby meant something, when Hindoo, Fonso. Leonatus, Joe Cotton and Spokane carried it off, but of late years it has been won by some very ordinary horses. And as for the once great Louisville Cup, once emblazoned with the victories of Montana Regent, John Davis and Lucky B, it has dropped out of sight, apparently forever. The tribe of Ikey Mo' doesn't want long races and, with the exception of the meetings held in the Atlantic seaboard States, the tracks are generally, if not wholly, run in the interest of the bookmakers, from whose "cut in" comes such a large revenue that, in many instances, the "gate money" is almost clear profit. In England, the bookmakers have to protect themselves but, in this country, and more especially at the winter tracks, they too often obtain very marked consideration at the hands of the officials. For my part, I can only regard bookmaking as the curse of modern racing. It was the means of closing up all the race-courses in New Jersey, thereby involving a clear loss of one million dollars to the estate of the late David D. Withers who built the beautiful ]\Ionmouth course at Long Branch. Other States are likely to follow in the wake of New Jersey unless a radical step is made in the direction of reform, which is not likely. The average bookmaker is a man whose motto is "After me the deluge." The Washington Park course at Chicago, inaugurated in 1884 through the tireless efforts of John E. Brewster, now ten years dead, demands something more than a mere passing notice at the writer's hands. It was opened with several fixed events, the most prominent being the American Derby and the Washington Park Cup. The former is a mile and a half for three-year-olds, but with accrued penalties, which I do not think should exist in any Derby race, though it undoubtedly leads up to larger fields of starters on account of maiden allowances. Such a race is not a Derby but a Handicap. The Washington Park Cup was a weight-for-age race at two miles, with no penalties, but was abolished at the end of six years, much to my regret. Had they made it a handicap, it would have been the biggest drawing card of any race in America, outside of the two big handicaps at Gravesend and Sheepshead Bay. Following the opening of Jerome Park, came an opening for breeders. All fixed events at that place were so conditioned as to close when the colt were yearlings and this made the modern auction market, which removes the burden of training from the shoulders of the breeders and places it upon the sporting element. The following are the more noted importations since that period: 8S T/ie American T'horoughbred (From American Stud Book, Vol. I.) NAME FOALED LINE. SIRE. Aysgarth 1856 E Barnton . . Billet 1865 E Voltigeur DAM S SIRE REMAEIKS . Inheritor mare Barnton is brother to Voltigeur. . Calcutta Blenkiron i86g E Saunterer . Breadalbane colt ...1870E Breadalbane . Feodrowna Died and got no foals. . Ellermire Named "The 111 Used." Buckden i86g E Lord Clifden. . Consequence . Great sire of early speed. Cockahoop 1861 H The Confessor Delia by Dick Died before land- ing. Ely A Orlando* .... The Judge. . . Blair AthoI*t Cross the Sea 1870 H Eclipse 1856 E Fiat 186.3 E Glen Athol i86q E Glenelg 1866 E Glen Nevis 1866 M Beatrice No foals reported. Gaze Greatest speed sire. Van Tromp mare.... Imp. into Canada. Greta Fairly good sire. Citadel Imp. Babta Came as a yearling. Oulston Q ...Volucris No foals reported. Haddington 1860E King ofTrumps Announcement Imp. from China. Hampton Court 1864 M Y. Melbourne F)urindana Sire of Explosion. Hartington C 1861 E Voltigeur .... Countess Burlington. . Heir at Law i86q M Warlabie Blue Belle Imp. into Canada. Hurrah 1862 E Newminstert. . Jovial Intruder 1871 E Crater Lady Bountiful Died in California. King ofTrumps Amethyst No foals reported. King Tom. . . . Ernestine Sire of King Eric. Sweetmeat QD The Mitre Macaroni* . . . Songstress Marsyas Marchioness Horn of Chase Birdcatcher mare. .. . Imp. into California King Tom. . . . Merry Sunshine Sire of Ten Broeck Prime Minister King Tom mare Saunterer ....Tested No foals reported. Blair Athol*t. Uoimbra Parmesan Q . May Bell Good brood mare sire. Thun'lerbolt. . . Killarney No foals reported. Newminster . . Black Bess Y. Fazzoletto 1859 E Fazzoletto ....Emilia imp (See Australian.) Y. Flatcatcher i860 E Flatcatcher ...Miss Gilmour (From American Stud Book, Vol. III.) Ashtead 1865 E Vedette Cowl Mare Got Apollo, Ky. Athlete 1872 E Gladiateur*t. . . Rose of Kent Derby. Bellenden 1868 E Bel Demonio. . Flora Monarque G. . . Sweet Lucy Bred in France. Macaroni* . . . Reginella No foals reported. Lord Lyon* . . Bugle Note Imp. into Canada. Thormanby* A Miss Ann (Dam of Scottish Thormanby . . Carbine Chief. Little Pippin.. La Medora Imp. into Canada. Hyman 1866 H Neville Matrimony Dam bred in King of Clubs 1866 E Ace of Clubs. Homily France. Moccasin 1874 H Macaroni .... Madam Strauss King Amadeus 1871 E King Ernest i86g E Lochiel 1856 H Macaroon 1871 H Marsyas colt 1870 E Nena Sahib 1857 E Phaeton 1865 E Reveller 1867 M Saunterer colt 1870 E Stonehenge 1870 E Strachino. 1870 H Thunderbolt colt...i87iE Warminster i860 E Brigadier ..i86qE Cobham 1870 H Earl Marshal 1871 E Flodden 1868 H Glengarry 1866 H Heart of Oak 1866 H T'he American Thoroughbred 89 FOALED. LINE. DAM S SIRE REMARKS Partisan i86q H Rapture 1869 E Rejoinder 1864 E Rossifer 1875 E St. Leger 1872 H Sambo 1858 E Slap Bang 1864 M Son' Australian 1857 M The Flying Horse.. 1862 H Time 1860 E Tomahawk . . . Lady Overton Diophantus . . . Margery Kettledrum*D. Repartee Rosicrucian . .. Fenella Man-iat-Arms. Volition Not Goorteah Makeless Art. Wellesley Saxony West Austia*t Mountain Sylph Wild Dayrell . Chord Cambuscan . . . Jollity Eng. S. B. (From American Stud Book, Vol. I"V.) Abana 1878 M Bay Rum 1876 H Blue Gown*A 1865 E Blue Mantle i860 H Blythewood 1872 E Cavour 1875 H Chetwynd 1879 E Constitution 1877 E Conveth 1877 H Dalnacardoch 1868 E Elsham 1867 E Fechter 187.3 E Glenlyon 1866 E Great Tom 1873 E Highlander 1868 E Kantaka 1880 E Kebbuck 1875 H King Ban 1875 E Kyrle Daly 1870 E London 1879 E Midlothian 1874 E Mortemer A 1865 H Muscovy 1873 E Noah 1876 E Oftenbach 1879 H Pizarro 1880 E Pocatello 1880 E Prince Charlie i86g E Rayon d'Ort 1876 E Royalty 1878 E Siddartha 1880 E Silverstream 1875 E St. Leger 1881 E St. Mungo 1866 E The Romany King.. 1878 E Tubal Cain 1878 E Tympanum 1865 E Syrian My Mary Schiedam .... Queen Ann Beadsman* . . . Bas Blue Died on the pass- age. Kingston G . . Paradigm Dam of LordLyon* Adventurer Q. Bonny Belle Macaroni .... La Favorita Grey Palmer. . Little Dorrit Restitution G. . Prinette Favonius*G . . Cracovienne Died in California Rataplan QD. . Mayonaise Knowsley .... Violet Bel Demonio . . Hilda Stockwellt .... Glengowrie King Tom .... Woodcraft Dam of Kingcraft, Blair Athol Bistre Derby '70. Scottish Ch'f A Seclusion Dam of Hermit* Parmesan .... Paraffin No foals reported King Tom Atlantis A good sire Artillery Colleen Rue Bred in Ireland. Lovvlander .... Bracelet Strathconan . . Lufra Very valuable sire Compeigne .. . Comtesse Bred in France and The Drake. ... Lady of the Manor.. as good a per- Playfair Light Wine former as ever Balfe Salute imported Adventurer . . . Milliner Soucar Love Bird Blair Athol. .. East. Princess Sire of Salvator Flageolet G. . . Arancaria Bred in France Kingcraft* ...Rose by Oulston.... Pero Gomezt. . The Pearl Tynedale Lina Doncaster*A. . . Schehallion St. Alban's'^. . Crotchet Sire of Aloha Blue Gown*A. Reine Sauvage Vulcan Melody Kettledrum*D. Gold Finch go The American Thoroughbred NAME FOALED LINE. SIRE. Uhlan i86q E The Ranger. Wolverton 1875'E The Miner.. Woodlands 1872 H Nutbourne . Y. Favonius 1878 H Favonius* . . Young Prince 1870 E Knowsley . . DAM S SIRE REMARKS . . La Mechante . . Themis . . Whiteface Bro. to Winterlake . . Nutbrush in Australia . . Queen of Spain (From American Stud Book, Vol. V.) Abingdon 1887 E Aerolithe 1886 H Aintree 1884 E Armorer iSgi E Arturo 1888 E Atholstone i88q E Bannoralum 1891 E Bassetlaw i8qo E Bathampton i8qi E Ben Strome 1886 E Albert 1882 E Ardent 1885 E Barbados 1880 E Charaxus 1876 E Dandie Diniont .... 1882 E Darebin 1878 M Deceiver 1880 E Discount 1885 H Double; Duke 188.3 E Eothen 188.3 E Eric 1876 E Exploit 188.3 E Escher 1883 E Floridon 1882 E Friar Tuck 1872 E Gen. Gordon 1882 E Glyndon 1882 E Harold 1882 E Hirsch 1874 E Hopeful 1881 E Horizon 1877 E Kildare H 1884 H Kingcraft* 1867 E King's Mill 1878 E Kingston 1882 E Librarian 1885 E Mariner 1881 H Mr. Pickwick 1878 E Newcourt 1883 E Wenlock Lady Langden Nougat Astree Sefton* Electric Galliard Sister Edith . Petrarcht .... Bella Agnes . Hawkstone .. . Athol Lass . . Beau Brummel Queen St. Simon AG Marquesa .... Hampton DG. The Bat Bend d'Or. Strathfleet Albert Victor. Lady Hawthorn . Zealot Forest Queen . . . Tangible Bell Breadalbane. Distin Sappho Siliro J^Ieg Merrilies . . . The Peer . . . Lurline Wenlockt .... Discord The Duke G. . Hampton GD. Pretender'* . . Exminster . . . Claremont . . . . Coeruleus . . . . Hermit Gen. Roberts. . Rosicrucian . . Reverberation. Savernake .. . . LTncas Landmark .. . . Kilmore King Tom . . . King Tom . . . Hampton . . . . Bookworm . . . Wild Oats . . . Boot and Saddle. . . . Ortyx Double Sultana Belle Heather Zenobia Una by Dusk Florry Romping Girl Forest Queen Umbria Lady Blanche Helena Fairweather Saccharometer mare Chatterbox Woodcraft Syncope Last Love Lady Henrietta .... Miss Emma Dam of Hampton Bred in France Hawkstone was bro. to Lonely, Oaks 1886. Raced as "Bats- man" in U. S. A. He was premier sire in 190,3. Premier in iSgg Won Sydney Cup 1882 with 1,34 lbs Raced as Padlock Only horse to .get 2 winners of Re- alization. A great sire. Died in California Hermit* Tomato The Miser. . . . Princess Charles Bro. to Great Tom Raced in Australia as "Oatcake" A truly great sire. T^he American Tho7'oughbred 9^ NAME. FOALED. Oaklands 1884 Oakley 1884 Osprey 1887 Pirate of Penzante. .1882 Preceptor 1864 Redskin 1882 Richmond 1881 Rossifer 1875 Rossington 1881 Rotherhill 1872 Sagittarius 1880 St. Blaise* 1880 Silver Mine 1881 Sir Modred 1877 Sir Robert 1879 Speculator 1873 Stalwart 188^ E Stylites 1876 E Superior i88-'i E Surge 1882 E Sutler 1875 H The Jacobite 1876 E True Briton 1884 H Vancouver 1882 H Verger 1881 E Von Kulak 1880 H Wagner 1882 E Westcombe 1876 E Woodstock 1881 H Sir. Bevys* Y. Caractacus 1868 H Caractacus* Zorilla 1882 E Rosicrucian LINE sire; dam S SIRE REMARKS E Consternation . Elmina E Touchet Ignoramus mare .... H Ossiant Question E Prince Charlie. Plunder E Rataplan QD. Teacher E Carnation .... Slander H Bold Dayrell. Miss Harriott E Rosicrucian . . Fenella Dam bred in Fran. E Doncaster*A. . Lily Agnes D (Bro. to Farewell) E Lord Clifdent. Laura Bro. to Petrarch) E Toxophilite .. . Flying Cloud E Hermit* Fusee (Bro. to Candle- E Silviot* Nuneaton mas.) H Traducer .... Idalia Premier in 1894 E Pero Gomezt..Lady Stanley and only pre- E Speculum G . . Sweetbread imp mier to get win- ners of over 200 races in i year. • Sea Mark Bro. to Topgal- • Coimbra lant. • Thoughtless . Surf by Lifeboat. . . . • Barbillone Bred in France. • Orlando mare • Ruby Imp. from Aus- • Maid of Perth tralia. • Marie Louise • Miss Evelyn . Duchess Malfi • St. Angela Raced as "Episco- pus." • Itella Imp. into Canada. . Overreach . Salamanca Sterling Hermit Petrarcht . . . Coltness . . . . Vancresson . Pr. Charlie. . John Bull . . . Van Amberg. Cathedral . . . Cremorne . . . . Pr. Charlie . . Cathedral . . . (From American Stud Book, Vol. VI.) Blackbird 1882 E Pr. Charlie ...Beatrice (Bro. to Preston- Pans) Black and Tan . . . . 1886 E Rosicrucian ... Nameless (Bro. to Geheim- niss) Blinkfire 1885 H Y. Bucaneer . . Flora Bred in Hungary. Bona S'choenfeld . .i8qi E St. Honorat . . Lady Lumley Boycott H Sunstroke ...One Act C Raced as Young Sunstroke. Boulevard i8qi E Boulevard ....Rose d'Amon Imp. in utero. Broadmead i8qoE St. Leger ....Envious Imp. to Br. Colum- bia. Bushfield 1885 E Umpire Lady Newman Imp. to Canada. Busy Bee 1882 E Altyre Queen Bee g2 The American Thoroughbred NAME FOALED Candlemas 1883 Cannie Boy Cavalier Chesterfield ..1876 Claudius 1876 Clear the Way. . . . Connemara Conrad Courtown Dark Days i8qi Dean Swift 1879 De Bourg 1891 Del Mar 1886 Doebart 188.3 Duncombe Dutch Bluster . . , Dutch Organ .... Dutch Skipper 188.3 Earl Clifton II... Edw. d'Confessor. Epigram Epplevvorth i8qi Fern Seed i8gi Fire Ball 1881 Fitz Tubal Florist Fortissimo Fred Douglas i8gi Galore 186.S Gascon Gen. Blucher Geo. Frederick* ....1871 Gladior Gold Archer .... Golden Dance 1890 Graham Grand Master . . . Halfling 1892 Hallowmas Hamptonwick .... Hard Lines 1884 Hawkesley Hearst 1886 Helicon 1878 Henry Hermence High Corners . . . Holyport Inverness Idalium Jongler Jno. Barley Corn LINE. SIRE. E Hermit E Mast. Kildare. E Pr. Charlie . . . E The Marquist. H Cecrops E Lor J Gough . . H Bold Dayrell.. M Carlton E Herbertstown.. E Credo E Dalnacardoch . E Penton E Somnus M Statesman . . . . E Speculum G. .. E Brag E Lowlander . . .. H Dutch Skater E Blair Athol .. E Hermit E Epigram E Quicklime . . . . E Timothy E Thunderbolt .. H Tubal Cain . . E Petrarch E John Davis . . E Althotas E Galopin E Avontes E Blucher E Marsyas E Bouller E Sterling E Bend d'Or* . . E Sterling M Barcaldine . . . H Macheath E Hermit E Hampton E Umpire E Hawkstone . . . E Fergus I E Card'l York . . E Poulet E Isonomy, A. G. E Lowland Chief E Bonnet Rouge. E Cymbal H Traducer H Ossiant E John Davis . .. DAM S SIRE REMARKS Fusee Sire of Irish Lad. Cannie Agnes Lady Rosebery Died in California Lamorna Bred in Australia. Light by P. Minster Weatherglass Bred in Ireland. StaiT of Life Corn Bree Lady Alice Bred in Ireland. Baroness Rapidity Forest Belle Maid of Hills Bred in Australia. Katrine Fair Helen Mentmore Tymbestere Schierene Curiosity Princess of Wales. . Helen Macgregor. ... Epigram was by Spring Time Blair Athol out Osmonda of 111 LTsed's Nina dam. Minnie Warren .... Died after landmg Pomona Vocalist Lady Josslyn Lady Maura A sire of sires. Arrogance Imp. into Canada. The General, mare... Princess of Wales . . Imp. into Canada. Miss Gladiator .... Bred in France. Typolite Rose, Morn Sky Duchess Geheimniss O Moiety Imp. into Canada Fusee Bro. to St. Blaise Surprise Humility Dev'shire Lass Romping Girl Bred in Australia. Artemise Jennie Bred in France Thebais O A Great Sire. Consolation Got no Foals. Carinthia Belle of Scotland . . Idalia Bred in New Zea- Jingling Bells land. Arista The American T'horoughbred 93 NAME FOALED Kallicrates 1892 Kismet 1883 L'African 1890 Leontes 1883 Litigation 1884 Ld. Esterling 1887 Ld. Hartington .... 1884 Ld. Hawkstone ....1891 Lovegold 1884 Loyalist 1884 Loyalist 1885 Lunar Eclipse 1888 Mahli 1880 Martenhurst 1888 Master Paradox . . . 1891 Masetto 1888 Mast Randolph . . . .1891 Matt Bynes 1891 LINE SIRE E Hermit* . . H Kisber* ... H Brilliant . . Muncaster Struan . . . . Esterling . Petrarch . . Hawkstone The Miser The Marqu Sterling . . Xenophon Suffolk ... Wenlock . . Paradox .. . St. Simon Tertius Hampton . . Maxim . Meddler Merriwa . . . . Monolith . . . . Montana Morpheus . . . Mystery Man Monteith Objection . . . . Odd Fellow . Ogontz Order Ormonde*! Ormonde d'Or Ornus Parallel Paramatta Parisian Pescadillo Peer of the Realm . Plenty Plunderer Pontoon Potentate Prestonpans Pursebearer Quicklime Quick Time 885 E Musket 890 E St. Gatien* Q 886 E Goldsbrough 891 E Springfield . . 886 E Muncaster . . 890 E Wenlock .... 889 E Springfield . . 890 E Penton 886 H Mask 887 M Barcaldine . . 889 E Bend d'Or . . 888 E Bend d'Or .. 884 E Bend d'Or .. 889 E Bend d'Or . . 891 E Bend d'Or . . 886 E The Duke .. 886 E Cheviot 885 H Charibert . . . 887 H The Confessor 891 E Salisbury . . . 886 H Suwarrow . . 891 E Privateer . . . 891 E Hampton . . . 8E Peter _ 877 E Pr. Charlie . 879 E Scottish Chief 879 E Wenlock .... 891 E Quicklime . . . DAM S SIRE REMARKS Isabel (Dam of St. Frus- Angelina quin) Splash by Spy Pauline Imp. into Canada. South Hatch Lady Speculum Thoughtless Eulalia Margery Daw Loyal Peeress Bred in Australia. Casuistry Vectis Castile Bred in France. Hirondelle Died after first Flora « season. Lady Abbess Now in England. Lady Randolph Cherry Now in England and called Cher- ry Tree. Realization A great sire. Busybody O Premier sire in 1904. Habena Bred in Australia. Obelisk Zingara Imp. into Canada. Golden Dream Imp- into Canada. Mystery Bessie Dora Cinderella Geheimniss Lady Emily Angelica ( Sister to St. Si- mon.) Lily Agnes The horse of the Century. Agnostic Raced as Red Ashgrave Gauntlet. L'y Paramount Scraps Wee Lassie Little Maud Miss Daisy Lurline Bred in Australia. Lady Helen Plum Bonnet Cutty Sark Beatrice Fairly good sire. Thrift (Dam of Tristan). Duvernay Fair Sister Imp. before his sire. 94 The American Thoroughbred NAME. FOALED. Radnor i§go Regent 1887 Reggy 1884 Riband 1890 Rigadoon 1886 Rough and Ready. . .1887 Scorpion 1887 Shillingstone 1883 Simon Magus 1888 Simple Simon 1887 Sir Fred Roberts . .1888 Somersault 1892 Stereoscope 1885 Steve Estes 1889 St. Gatien, colt 1891 St. George 1883 Sun Dial 1885 Suwarrow 1876 The Chicken 1882 The Child o'the Mist 1882 The Devil to Pay 1883 The Dude 1891 The Hook 1871 The Hoosier 1891 The Sailor Prince ..1880 Top Gallant 1887 Trade Wind 1885 Trevelyan 1891 Wanamaker 1891 Water Level 1887 Whistle Jacket 1884 LINE SIRE E Muncaster . . . M Statesman . . . E Hermit E Galliard E Mast. Kildare E Quicklime . . . E St. Simon . . . E Doncaster . . . E St. Simon . . . E St. Simon . . . E Wisdom E Trapeze E Hagioscope . . E Springfield . . . E St. Gatien* . . H Cremorne .... E Albert Victor . H S'nowden .... E Billv Pitt .... E Blair Athol . . E Robt. the Devil t A E Esterling .... H Fish Hook . . E Florentine . . . E Albert Victor. E Sterling E Goldsbrough .. H Charibert .... E Poste Restante E Isonomy, AGD E Hermit DAM S SIRE REMARKS Filagree The Orphan Nyl Gau All but impotent. L'y Chatelaine Highland Fling (Dam of Sara- Rufford Maid band). Anemone Manon Lescaut Wheel of Fortune . . Lady Gladys Raced as Huncie- Candahar croft." Migration Trapeze was bro. Syren to Tristan. Bloodstain Glance Strategy A great sire. Time Test Phizgig Snowden raced as Pheasant "Panmure."' Ma Belle Polonaise The Belle Juliet Imp. from Austra- lia. Indiana Imp. in utero. Hermita An excellent sire. Sea Mark Died in Kentucky but imp. to Can- ada. Rosemary Imp. to California. Muscat Agnes Water Lily Fortress (From American Stud Book, Vol. VII.) Agincourt 1895 ^^ Alfieri 1891 E Amsterdam 1884 E Anchorite 1890 E Asterling 1895 E Atheling 1883 E Benvenuto 1888 E Blaizer 1891 E Buzzard Wing 1880 E Calphurnus i8go H Calvados 1889 E Caryl 1885 E Chester 1893 E Autocrat Dorset Lass ... Petrarch .\gneta Holmby Hampton Court Herrick Substitute Esterling .... Eva Jennie Imp. into Canada. Sterling King Tom, mare.... A capital sire. Galopin* Queen of Diamonds. . Sent back to Eng- Hallowmas . . Jess Cox Camillo Blush by Rob Roy. July Nandu Bred Galopin Turn of the Tide . . . Sexton Maritornes Esterling .... Lady Gwendoline . . . Imp. into Canada. land. Sold to Mexico. Australia. The American Thoroughbred 95 FOALED. LINE SIRE Clienvedeu 1880 E Cormeille 1881 H Credential .' . . . i8q5 H Crighton 1874 E Derwentwater 1885 E Distant Shot i8g.3 E Disturbance 1893 M Eagle's Plume 1883 E Eulalon i8q.^ E Farthing 1893 E Foul Shot 1882 E Golden Badge 189.I E Golden Garter 1888 £ Goldfinch i88gE Grand Falconer . . . .1887 E Green 1889 E July 1880 H Juvenal i88g E Kismet 1892 E Kt. of Malta E Likely 1891 E Lord Henry i88.sE Marden Horse 1892 E Monarch 1890 E Musselman 1893 E Norwegian 1884 E Oakwood 1892 E Percy 1890 E Phaeton 1893 E Piccolo 1890 E Pillarist 1885 E Prospector 1893 E Quack. Quack .... 1894 E Regalis 1886 E Rigoletto 1882 E Royal Flush 1887 E Royal Stag 1893 E St. Andrew 1887 E St. Vincent 1893 E Satellite 1895 E Sauteur 1892 E Self-Binder 1894 E Sir Singenton 1890 E Smocking 1892 E Solid Silver 1893 £ South Africa 1893 E Star Ruby 1892 E Stromboli 1888 E Yattendon Macgregor All's Blue Clieveden . Donca^ster Shotesham Marion A Scottish Chie Tyrant D Peter . . . Musket . Bend d'Or . . Bend d'Or . . Ormonde . . . Hampton . . . Childeric . . . Traducer . . . Springfield . . Melton*t Kt. of Malta. Harvester . . . The Duke G. Marden Kg. of Trump Harvester . . . Peregrine . . . Sheen Frontier .... Victor Chief. Petrarch . . . . Trappist .... Pioneer Queen's Coun sel Springfield . . Trocadero . . DAM S SIRE REMARKS. Lady Chester Sent back to Au<- Narcisse tralia. Alberta Victoria .... Imp. into Canada. Ghinni Ghinni Bred In Australia. Thorwater A good sire. Ultima Thule Shotesham w a s brother to Shot- Katrine over, Derby '82. f Decoration Imp. into Canada. Eulalia Moiety Slander Bred in New Zea- land. Madge, imp Imp. in utero. Sanda (Dam of Sanfoin) Thistle (D'm of Common) Lady Peregrine Amber Idalia Bro. to Sir Mo- dred. Satire A good sire. Kisberina Morning Star Katrine Adesia Lauretta Miss Curry Ayesha Imp. into Canada. Shatemuc Rosewood Rustic Agnes Aurora Lady Grace Philomela Tibby (Sister to Geolo- Catch Duck gist). Wood Anemone .... Imp. into Canada. Reine de Saba Bred in France. Kg. of Trumps Accepted Imp. into Mexico. Highland Chief Barcelona St. Simon. . . . Maid of Perth Sire of Articulate. Ollerton Invincible Saraband .... Meteora Trapeze Serenia Harvester .... Pewit Marden Harmonica Minting Sew Away Vibrate Lady Uxbridge Tristan Zanzibar Imp. into Canada. Hampton .... Ornament (Dam of Sceptre) Chester Aetna Sent back to Aus- tralia. g6 The American T'horoughbred NAME. FOALED. LINE SIRE DAM S SIRE REMARKS. The Deacon 1887 E Zealot Stella by XX imp. into Canada. The Judge i8qi E Loyalist (Eng) British Queen Thos. A. Becket ..18Q4M Autocrat Maid of Kent Trentola iSgoE Trenton Gondola Bred in Australia and won races in California. Virtuose 1888 E Fitz Plutus . . Vicontesse Bred in France. Watercress i88q E Springfield ...Wharfdale Donnadieu Arkle Arklow Greenan St. Simon ... Gerolstein Royal Flush Favo * Won the Derby; t won the St. Leger; Q won the Queen's Vaso: D won the Doncaster Cup; A won the Ascot Cup; Gr won the Goodwood Cup; C won the Cesarewitch The stallions laid down in Vol. 8 of the American Stud Book— a very slovenly compilation, by the way, still worse printed and bound— are omitted intentionally, chiefly for the reason that most of them are young horses and have, as yet, not enough performing progeny to render them objects of interest to the breeders of America. If this little work should go to a second edition, a year or two hence (of which I am in nowise sanguine) they will be. included in them. From the schedules above given it will be seen that in the period from the close of the Revolution to 1865, the end of the War of Secession, we imported thrice as many of Herod's line as of Eclipse and of Matchem blood. And from the close of the Civil War to the present date there were 138 stallions of Eclipse's male line as against 172 of Herod's and 42 of Matchem's. It looks to me as though we had overdone matters in all three periods, especially in the second one, at the close of which we found ourselves overloaded with Herod blood. The marvelous success of Leamington, Billet, Glenelg and Buckden, all Eclipse horses ; and of Australian, the only Matchem horse imported for nearly a half-century, upon the Lexington-Glencoe mares, from 1870 to 1885, shows how badly we were in need of a really good and legitimate outcross. Lexington got nio sons worth being called sires, but his daughters built up reputations for all five of the above named sires, with Bonnie Scotland and Prince Charlie thrown in. Of the above mentioned stallions, Leamington did not get the most winners but he ]:)red, by long odds, the best class. American breeding is a good deal of a lottery, at best, for horses have succeeded here that were failures, or comparatively so, in England and Australia. Leamington made three seasons in England, during which he got 19 winners of 42 races, none of which exceeded $2,000 in value. We all know what he did here for, after being buried alive on Staten Island for three years, he was sent out to Kentucky where he got Enquirer, Lyttelton, Longfellow and Hamburg, all in one season; and Hamburg, the poorest of the lot, won over $3,500 in three seasons, while Lyttelton was much better ; and as for Enquirer and Longfellow, every illiterate negro rubber knows what they did. Glencoe's case is even more startling as a reverse caused by transplantation. He stood to sixteen mares in 1836, getting 13 foals, only one being a male, which died as a yearling. What his daughters achieved at the stud would fill this entire volume if I undertook to give it in detail. He was brought into Alabama w'here most of his get were flashy, the great Peytona excepted. When he got up into Kentucky and had access to the daughters of Medoc, Leviathan and Wagner, the records soon be.tjan to tell a very different story. Even in i860, twenty-nine years after his birth and three years after his death, he was second on the list and that by a narrow margin. The American T'horoughbred gy Billet was another instrument of triumph in this country with comparatively no success in the land of his birth ; and a dozen of similar oases might be cited, of less note, however. The truth is that we have so many good matrons in this country that do not trace to any one of the forty-four mares named in Mr. Bruce Lowe's system of "Breeding by Figures" that it is comparatively useless in America, save where the sire and the dam, or granddam have been imported from England. In the mother country it is all right enough and the figures come out correctly in seven cases out of every ten. , Take the cases of Picayune, Minerva Anderson, Vesper Light, Brown Kitty and Hennie Farrow, and their pedigrees are very short but there is no doubt but there was good blood in them a long way back. Yet we all know that Doubloon, Duke of Magenta, Vandalite, Rupee, and Mollie McCarthy (a winner from one mile up to four) came from- comparatively obscure lineage in the first place. That is why I say that the Bruce Lowe system is good enough in England and France, but untenable in America, an opinion in which I find the concurrence of Mr. William Allison, the foremost authority on breeding in Great Britain. The "mare" from the stud of Harrison of Brandon, Va.," must have been good, or we would not have such sires as Kinglike and Joe Hooker tracing back to her. Duke of ]\Iagenta was beaten but once and that by a horse (Spartan) that never beat anything else with any just pretensions to class. Frogtown, 3 miles in 5 129^ ; Barnum, the great cup horse of twenty years ago ; Spendthrift, Wildidle and Miser, all good sires and the first-named deservedly great; Socks, who defeated Planet at Charleston; Fashion, who won four- mile heats at thirteen years old ; Hanover, who headed the list of sires for four seasons; Thunder, Lightning and Lancaster, all distinguished winners in their day; Norfolk, Volante and Hermis, all top-notchers in their respective eras ; Bill Dearing and Jonce Hooper, both good stake winners; Captain Moore, best three-year-old of 1863 ; Wagner, Star Davis and Rainbow, all great descendants of Maria West ; and Mingo, the best four-mile horse of 1835, all these came from mares that do not trace to mares in the Bruce Lowe system. Hence, I say that system is something like a time test in galloping races, a good thing to have as a corroboration, but far from indispensible, as far as concerns American breeding. Even in Australian breeding the Bruce Lowe system is far from infallible, as Stromboli, winner of the Sydney Cup and afterwards imported into California ; and Bravo, winner of the Melbourne Cup of 1889, in which the great Carbine was second, both trace to Arabian stallions at the sixth generation and to mares having no history whatever. Hence I am hardly to be censured for saying that American breeding is, to a considerable extent, a lottery. Look at the great performers that have sold as yearlings for less than $1,000; and at the high-priced yearlings that have not since won enough to pay for their straw bedding; and in the history of those horses and their performances you find a sufficient corroboration of what I say. Lexington and Vandal, the two greatest native sires between i860 and 1875, were differently bred from the horses just above named, tracing, as thy did, to the imported mare Diamond (of the No. 12 family) by the CuUen Arabian, this also being the family of Weatherbit, Sterling and Oxford in England ; and of the imported stallions Galore and JNIaxim in America. The old Montague mare was the tap-root of that family. Another great American horse of that family, who should have been sent back here at the close of his racing career, was Umpire, by Lecompte (Boston-Reel) out of Alice Carneal by imported Sarpedon. He won 18 good races in England and was beaten only a head in the City and Suburban of 1862 by Adventurer, to whom he was conceding thirty pounds. But Mr. Ten Broeck sold Umpire to the Russians and thenceforth he was lost to history. Vandal, for years in comparative obscurity and wholly overshadowed by his neighbor, Lexington, was finally rescued and sent to Belle Meade, where he died and was given the funeral of a hero. Vandal goes down g8 The American Thoroughbred to history as the horse that saved the male line of Glencoe from total extinction. Already we have seen the male line of Glencoe (through Hanover) pre-eminent for four seasons and second by the narrowest of margins in the fifth; and from present appearances, his son Hamburg is making a very earnest effort to keep up the family traditions. The renaissance of this remarkable strain of blood, so powerless in its male line from i860 to 1880 and so strong now, is as great as the uprising of Blacklock's line in England, after a half-century of calumny and persecution. "Truth, crushed to earth, shall rise again." We are now about as badly off as were the Australians in 1862 when they were so overstocked with Eclipse blood that the importation of a Herod stallion (Fisherman) was a God-send to them ; and Talk o' the Hill, another Herod horse and a grandson of Pocahontas, a Herod mare, completed the work of rejuvenation that Fisherman had begun. Even in our own country, we have seen the achievements of ^another Herod horse, Sir Modred, but we must in all candor, remember that the pedigree of that dead hero showed 53% per cent of Eclipse blood. The wonderful success of Han- over's sons in the stud (and of Hanover himself, for that matter) is surprising only in that Hanover was deficient in sire blood, for he was a horse of almost perfect conform'ation ; and it is to his marvelous individuality, which he impressed so dis- tinctly on all his get, rather than to all other causes combined, that I ascribe Hanover's great success in the stud. The success of Hamburg, a sire of two Futurity winners — and fillies at that — at nine years old — is something to be conjured with; and Hand- spring, Handsel, Buck Massie and others bringing up the rest of the parade, it looks as if the male line of Glencoe, through Hanover, had "come to stay." The decadence of the blood of Emilius in America, is something quite as remark- able as it was in England. Emilius won the Derby in 1823 and got Priam and Plenipotentiary, winners of the Derby ; Mango, winner of the St. Leger ; Riddlesworth, of the Two Thousand Guineas ; Oxygen, winner of the Oaks in 1831 ; and three fillies that not only won the One Thousand Guineas, but were better than the fourth in the Oaks. He was clearly the best stallion in England from 1822 to 1842, after which his lead grew rapidly less. America was unfortunate enough to import six sons of Emilius, to-wit: Ambassador, foaled in 1836, out of Trapes by Tramp; Mango, out of Mustard by Merlin, foaled 1834; Mercer, foaled 1836, out of Young Mouse (winner of the 1000 guineas) by Godolphin ; Riddlesworth, foaled 1828, out of Filagree, dam of Cobweb, the Oaks winner; Sarpedon, foaled 1828, out of Icaria by The Flyer; Sovereign, foaled 1836, out of Fleur de Lis by Bourbon; and the most careless reader will see that the male line of Emilius did not run out for the want of good dams for the horses above named. Fleur de Lis was by twelve pounds the best mare of her day for she won the Doncaster Cup once and the Goodwood Cup twice, in addition to being second for it, to Priam, on her third attempt. It was for crooked work in this race with Priam that the then King of England, William IV., owner of Fleur de Lis, was ruled off the turf for life by the Jockey Club ; and that is the way that Col. Wade Hampton, of South Carolina, came to be the purchaser and importer of Sovereign. The last of the male line of Emilius was Villard, a little black horse by Lodi (son of Yorkshire) out of Rosa Mansfield by Rivoli. He died at Pendleton, Oregon, in the winter of igoi. The line of Catton, a great winner himself and twice a premier sire of England, was also destined to meet its total extinction in the Far West. Its final representative was Warwick, by Hubbard out of Mayflower (Joe Hooker's dam) by imported Eclipse. This horse is not to be confounded with a son of imported Leamington and Minnie Minor, that died the property of Mr. James B. Haggin. This horse was an excellent performer and was beaten a length by Nathan Coombs (son of Lodi and Miami) in a race of two and one-half miles at Sacramento, conceding a year and 12 lbs., to the winner. He also beat Red Boy, by War Dance, at mile heats, at Star 'The American Thoroughbred gg Ranch near Boise City, the fastest race that had been run in Idaho up to that time. He was owned by two men who cared nothing for him save as a gambUng machine; and once he broke down and was of no further use to them, they sold him to a cattle m^an who owned no thoroughbred mares. No wonder that he died in obscurity and that a once noble race of horses ended its days in him. I have heard that there is still a Catton horse in New Zealand but, after considerable research, am unable to find any trace of him whatever. And as if the loss of the Emilius Ime was not disaster enough, the other line of Orville blood, through the great Muley, is also extinct, the last horse of that line being an Irish horse called Mount Gifford. America imported two great and worthy sons of Muley — Margrave, who won the St. Leger of 1832 and Leviathan who raced in England under the name of Mezereon and won a four-mile race at York. He was imported by James Jackson, of Alabama, who was afterwards the importer of Glencoe, Leviathan was inbred to Beningbrough, the St. Leger winner of 1794, his dam being by Windle and his second dam Virago by Snap, she being the dam of Saltram (also imported here) who won the Derby of 1783. Leviathan got a great many good per- formers but no sires worthy of mention, though his daughters bred well to several stallions and did much towards building up the fame of the immortal Glencoe. Mar- grave's homely head did much to discourage intending patrons of that horse, but he was a magnificent galloper himself and got many excellent performers. His best son was Brown Dick, whose race at three-mile heats, in 1856, stood as the record for that distance for a term of nine years. It is a curious thing that this old hammer-headed Margrave should have had two older sons named Blue Dick and Black Dick. Blue Dick ran against that great mare Fashion, on Long Island in 1846 and bolted the track while running ahead and certain to win the race. Black Dick belonged to Col. A. L. Bingaman, of Natchez, Miss., the greatest scholar the South ever produced. Black Dick won a race at two-mile heats and fell dead just after winning the deciding heat. An examination showed that he had died of lockjaw, caused by being "pricked* by the blacksmith who plated him. Of late years, no greater native stallion than Spendthrift has appeared in all America ; and while he was never first on the list of sires, he was always close up to the file-leader, with an exceptionally fine type of horses to run for him. After his death, two of his sons, — Kingston and Hastings — headed the list in 1900 and 1902 re- spectively, while a third one, the big and beautiful Lamplighter, was well up among the first ten named. Not only that, but his daughters have bred well to a number of sires of entirely different lineage ; and some of the best race horses turned out from the Rancho del Paso, the greatest of all American harems, have been from Spend- thrift's daughters. He was sent to England to run for the Ascot Cup and Cesare- witch, but his wind became affected by that murky climate and he was unable to repeat the triumphs achieved in his native land. Spendthrift changed owners several times after his return to America and finally died, the property of Mr. J. N. Camden, Jr., of the Hartland Stud, near Versailles in Kentucky. He must rank as the best son of imported Australian, though it is hard to say what would have been the history of Waverly (out of imported Cicely Jopson by Weatherbit) had he lived. Spendthrift was a full brother to Miser and Fellowcraft and a brother-in-blood to Wildidle, a capital performer and a good sire, though by no means the equal of Spendthrift. Even if Spendthrift had gotten only Kingston and Lamplighter, they alone would have made him a famous sire. In the language of Henry VIII. , he "should have died hereafter." England has had no such Matcheni stallion as Spendthrift. Barcaldine was her best exponent of that line since the death of Melbourne and while he was a better race-horse than Spendthrift, he never got a premier sire, let alone two such as Kings- ton and Hastings. Barcaldine was never beaten but won 13 consecutive races, in 100 The American Thoroughbred one of which, the Northumberland Plate, at 2 miles, he won with 136 lbs. up. Bar- caldine got Mimi, winner of the One Thousand and the Oaks ; and Sir Visto, winner of the Derby and St. Leger of 1895. Three sons of Baroaldine, all out of the Oaks winner, Geheimniss, have been imported to this country, Free Mason, Grand Master and Odd Fellow. The latter has done only fairly well for a horse that was by the best winner of his day and out of the best filly of her era also. Free Mason got a good handicap horse called First Principal, before leaving England. Perhaps the blood of these three brothers may show up better in the next generation, as they are all heavily boned and strong horses in a general way. There is no denying that such horses are an acquisition to any country where the mares are as light-boned as they are in Kentucky and Tennessee. Mr. Joseph Osborne (Beacon) in speaking of the decay of Herod's line in Eng- land, says, "Naturally the breeders of England look to the United States of America, as the place whence the regenerating fluid must be drawn." In my belief, we can supply England with "the regenerating fluid" from both the Herod and Matchem lines. No IMatchem horse has headed the Sires' List in England since 1857, when Blink Bonny's double victory in the Derby and Oaks placed honest old lop-eared Mel- bourne in the premiership. We have had two premiers of Matchem's line — Kingston and Hastings — in the past five years, hence I deem our M^atchem horses better than theirs. Morion is the best performer they have had for years, but considering that he was by Barcaldine out of an own sister to two such sires as The Palmer and Rosicrucian, he has done very little at the stud. As for Herod horses, the descendants of Hanover and Jim Gore should be able to fill the bill in that direction. At the same time the line of Pantaloon, through Thor- manby, Atlantic and Le Sancy, gives the French a very wide opening in England if the Herod blood is all they require. I never saw a much harder finished horse than Le Sancy in my life. And the French have preserved the male line of Selim (which IS that of Hanover also) through The Flying Dutchman and his son. Dollar, to a much greater extent than most of us are aware. Mr. William Allison, of Cobham, has already imported Pastisson, a male-line descendant of Flying Dutchman, with a view to distributing the "regenerating fluid" in England. I do not think the gifted author of "The British Thoroughbred" is ni'aking any great mistake. They will have to come to us or go to France, for a supply of Herod and Matchem stallions, just as we have been compelled to go to them, in the past forty years, for better exponents of the Eclipse line than we could hope to produce at home. The best Herod horse that has been imported from England in the past forty years is St. George, by Cremorne ; and the only stallion of 'any real merit that Cremorne ever got, his best performer being the flying filly Kermesse. St. George's dam was Strategy by Adventurer out of Minerva by Stockwell, his sixth dam being Whim, the fifth dam of both Barcaldine and his sire, Solon. St. George is the sire of several high-class performers such as Aladdin, winner of the Sheridan Stakes and Oakwood Handicap ; Lucien Appleby, winner of whole dozens of races ; and Bearcatcher, a three-year-old, whose mile in i :39-!4: with a goodly weight on his back, is at least impressive. Some one of these three should serve to keep alive the blood of Sweetmeat who is one of the five greatest factors in modern pedigrees. Our best native Herod horse, without one moment's hesitation, was Lexington. No matter who else was second, Lexington un- deniably was first. Lexington was very deficient in sire blood and that is why his male line has so soon run out. He succeeded on his marvelous individuality and his faultless form; and that was -about all there was to Hanover, who was about as badly off for sire blood as was Lexington himself. Yet they are the two greatest Herod-line sires since 1800 and Lexington stands close beside Sir Peter with a larger number of years to his credit than the great Derby winner of 1787, who was also the greatest Herod horse that England ever knew. Like Stockwell, King Tom and Rataplan, Sir 'The American 'Thoroughbred loi Peter belonged to the No. 3 family and was its second greatest exponent. He fell behind Stockwell in St. Leger winners but ranked one each ahead of him on winners of the Derby and Oaks. A half dozen sons of Sir Peter — two of them Derby win- ners, Archduke and Sir Harry — were imported to America, but none of them were worth the hay they ate on the passage across the Atlantic. In spite of the failure of the Herod and Matchem lines in the classic British events since 1870, the intelligent English breeder knows he has got to come back to Herod and Matchem sires before long. Mr. Allison, a long way the most intelligent breeding authority in England told them, nearly six years ago, that the British thoroughbred could no longer be improved by breeding from the male line of Eclipse. And having said about all that can now be written upon this "horn of- the dilemma," let me now have something to write concerning sundry importations of British-bred horses into the United States. Leamington, Glencoe, Leviathan. Bonnie Scotland, Billet and Glenelg, have all received their due meed of eulogy at the hands of the breeding public but there are some who have met with but little praise and who deserved a good deal more. Albion, by Actaeon or Cain (the former given as the true sire and generally ac- cepted as such) out of Panthea, sister to imported Belshazzar, by Blacklock, was a small black horse foaled in 1837. He was bred by Mr. E. Peel and imported as a yearling by Hon. Lucius J. Polk, of Tennessee, about the same time that gentleman imported Variella, a full sister tc> the great Voltaire, but for whom the male line cf Blacklock would now be extinct. Albion was such a little runt that the Tennessee breeders fought shy of him and Mr. Polk said if nobody else would breed to him, he would breed him to his own mares, which he did with signal success. Albion got Bill Dearing, a large and handsome horse with a fair turf record ; Bill Cheatham, a capital two-miler and good enough at three miles to defeat the North Carolina horse Tar River, then one of three best four-milers in America, Nicholas the First and Sue Washington being the other two ; and that great three-year-old Socks who defeated the great Planet, at Charleston, twice within one week. He also got three good fillies, Sallie Woodward. Martha Worsham and Kate Hayes, all out of Eudora by imp. Priam. From 1858 to 1864, Albion was very prominent as a sire of good wmners. Counting by the number of races won, instead of their moneyed value, Albion made as good a showing as any sire in America at that period, but it wa^ as a sire of broodmares that he shone more particularly. He got Canary Bird, dam of Harry Bassett ; and Lucy Fowler, dam of Tom Bowling, they being easily the two greatest sons of Lexington on the turf and about the poorest in the stud. He also got Banner, dam of Morlacchi, Bonita, and Annie Bush, three first-class fillies by Lexington, the latter being the dam of Bushwhacker, whose defeat of Checkmate in the Morrisey Stakes at Saratoga, caused a lowering of the two-mile record, in races between horses, though Ten Broeck had a lower one against Time. The blood of Albion has certainly been emblazoned on the banners of more than one mighty conqueror. Belshazzar, ch. h. 1830, by Blacklock, out of Manuella (Oaks winner of 1812, and own sister to Altisidora who won the St. Leger of 1813) by Dick Andrews, was a very unlucky horse, having run third in the St. Leger of 1833, won by Rockingham, a son of Humphrey Clinker who got the great Melbourne. Mr. Watt, of Bishop Burton, who owned both Blacklock and Tramp, had no hesitation in saying that his colt had been poisoned. He was imported in 1838, by Mr. Thomas Flintoff, of Nashville, but, before leaving England, he got Cara who won the One Thousand Guineas ; and a number of others fairly good, among which was Belle Dame, third dam of the great stallion Hermit (by Newminster and Derby winner in 1867) who is the only stallion in English history to head the list of Winning Sires for seven consecutive years. Belshazzar was leased to Capt. W. J. Minor, of Mississippi, in 1842, where he was mated with imported Brittania, a full sister to Muley Moloch, the sire of Alice Haw- 102 The American Thoroughbred thorn. The produce was a chestnut colt called Verifier, who won eleven straight races and never was beaten until he broke down while leading that also great colt Revenue. Belshazzar got a great many good horses and two of his get, Babylon and Ninus, were sent over to England where each won a race or two. Belshazzar's male line became extinct, partly through the Civil War which almost paralyzed breeding in the South ; and partly through the total indifference of the Kentucky breeders of that period, who could see no merit in anything but Lexington and Yorkshire. No horses "got the cold shoulder" worse than did Bonnie Scotland and Leamington on their first visits Lo the Blue Grass region. "^he American Thoroughbred loj OUR IMPORTED SIRES Among the great stallions imported to America, Leamington, by Faugh-a-Ballagh (St. Leger and Cesarewitch winner of 1844) is clearly entitled to supremacy. No other stallion ever got four such winners, in a single season, as Longfellow, Enquirer, Lyt- tleton and Hamburg; and as the sire of Iroquois, the only American horse ever to win an Epsom Derby and Doncaster St. Leger, he defies approach by the. best of them. He did not equal Lexington as a brood-mare sire for the reason that his daughters in- herited his irascible temper and were not good milkers, while the Lexington mares were like Jersey cows. For all that his daughters dropped such great performers as Sir Dixon, who was also premier sire of America in 1901 ; Potomac, one of the only two horses to win the Futurity at two years old and the Realization at three ; and Belvidere, a fair race horse and an excellent sire ; and, of less note, such excellent per- formers as Manchaca and Chesapeake. Leamington made four seasons in England prior to his importation by ]\lr. Cam- eron but, while all his get were good performers, none of them could be called great. Everybody in America knows of his great achievements in his new home and he is the only stallion since 1870 to get two premier sires, Longfellow in 1891 and Iroquois in 1893. I never saw Leamington but once and could not get anywhere near him on account of his temper, but he impressed me as having the finest hind leg and especially the best gaskin, I had ever seen under a horse. One of his sons, the brilliant Sensation, was second on the list of winning sires in England in 1899, through the victories of Democrat, Dominie and others in Mr. Pierre Lorillard's stable, trained by that splendid Con- federate veteran, INIr. John Huggins, of the Lone Star State. Of eleven stallions whose get won upwards of $50,000 in 1893, three were sons of Leamington — Longfellow, Iro- quois and Onondaga, the latter a full brother to Sensation. It must also be remembered that another son of Leamington — the unsexed Parole — was the only horse ever to win the City and Suburban, Great Metropolitan and Newmarket Handicaps in one season ; and that, in the latter race, he defeated the great Isonomy, the best cup horse of the last fifty years. Leamington was a fitting exponent of the No. 14 family, from which came the immortal Touchstone and that Australian wonder. Grand Flaneur who got Merman, one of the only three horses to walk over for the Goodwood cup in the long space of seventy-five years. Leamington was a brown horse of almost perfect con- formation. He won the Chester cup and Goodwood Stakes at four and the Chester cup again at six years ; and, in the Queen's Vase of the latter year, he was beaten a neck by the three-year-old Schism, carrymg 97 pounds while he carried 121 pounds. It was a fitting, end to the turf career of a horse whose real merit for gameness^ coupled with speed, had always been underestimated by the handicappers. It is very doubtful if America ever imported a much better stallion than Glenelg. He bred such wonderfully good legs and feet, and coupled with undeniable gameness and a fair rate of speed, that he must rank next to Leamington and Australian among the more modern importations ; and for the first three seasons of his get upon the turf you could hardly find a buyer for a Glenelg colt and, as for his fillies, you could scarcely get a breeder to try one of them unless he was one of that numerous class that "Wants something for nothing." Mr. E. J. Baldwin of Santa Anita, through Mr. Lewis R. Martin (now about fifteen years dead) was fortunate enough to get six /O-/ The American Thoroughbred or seven of them to mate with his staUion, Grinstead, whom I shall always regard as the best sire that ever came from the male line of Lexington. From these mares he bred Volante, winner of the American Derby and a dozen other sweepstakes ; Santiago, who won the Drexel and Sheridan and who would have won the Derby with an honest ride; and Rey del Carreras (Americus) a winner in both England and America, against the very fastest horses of his day. Glenelg's triumphs, as a sire, covered nearly a quarter-century ; and if ever a horse departed this life as full of laurels as of years, he was that horse, for he lived to be thirty-three and got some fair winners at twenty-nine. Glenelg was a great race horse himself and his defeat of Niagara (sister to Preakness, Rubicon and Bay Final, the only three brothers, bred in America, to win races in England) for the Bowie Stakes at Baltimore, at four miles, proved him a racer of undeniable class. Disgusted at his failures for his first three seasons at the far East, Mr. Belmont (the elder August) sold him to a Kentucky breeder, only to see him premier sire of all America for four seasons out of the six that followed. Glenelg is the only stallion in American stud history to get four horses that won over forty races each. These were Little Minch, 84 races; Gleaner, 50; Firenze, 47, and Los An- geles, 47, making 228 races won by four horses got by one sire. I doubt if any other stallion can make the same showing. Glenelg, in the four seasons of his premiership, had to his credit as follows: $98,862 in 1884; $113,638 in 1886; $120,031 in 1887, and $130,746 in 1888, or nearly $30,000 more than Hanover got in the same number of seasons. Individual merit like this cannot easily be denied. It shows that a horse whose get won in four seasons as premier sire of America, was capable of maintaining his su- premacy against all comers, when you consider the number of races won by his get and their moneyed value. Like the peerless Lexington of a previous generation, Glenelg got no sires of any great merit, but his daughters have already built up the reputation of more than one prominent winner and several fairly good stallions. As Glenelg's fe- male tail line had not produced any sire of note, the more intelligent class of breeders fought shy of him at first. Nor was it until he had been established thoroughly as a premier sire that they began to court his favors as a sire. His mark upon the breed of thoroughbred horses in America is one that is clearly indelible and his daughters are plainly responsible for it. None of his sons has every arisen to the dignity of a first-class sire. Glenelg died at the advanced age of thirty-three years and got five foals when he was thirty-one. ■ . Rayon d' Or classes up with the very best of our imported sires, not so much through Chaos who placed him at the head of the list in 1889 as through the general merit of his progeny. The brave old French horse not only won the St. Leger of 1879 but also carried off the Rous Memorial and the Prince of Wales' Stakes at Newmarket at four, in addition to winning the Prix du Cadran and the Prix Rainbow (334 rniles), beating the PVench Derby winner, Zut, in both these races on his native soil. Very few stallions, either native or imported, get such performers as Tenny, winner of the Brooklyn Handicap with 127 pounds; Tea Tray, a winner at all distances; Don De'Oro, a great winner in the colors of the younger August Belmont ; Octagon, twice a winner of the Toboggan Handicap and already sire of that peerless filly. Beldame ; Chaos, winner of the Futurity ; Banquet, winner of twenty-eight races, four of which were won in England, and Laura Stone, one of the best fillies of her day. In all he got 104 winners, nearly all of which won more than one race. His daughters have bred well, one of them being the dam of Handspring, the best three-year-old of 1896 and already the sire of such stake-winners as Major Daingerfield, whose time for the great Realization Stakes is still the record for that race. Imported Wagner, who comes from the same line of mares that produced Chat- ham, The Nabob, The Duke, The Earl (Grand Prix de Paris in 1868) Sesostris, Spring- field and Tadmor, in England; and the great Kingfisher (one of Lexington's best sons) The American Thoroughbred , /05 in America, must be awarded more than passing mention in these pages, even if he had gotten nothing but "The Coal Black Lady," known as Imp, who won the great Suburban Handicap of 1898. Wagner was by Prince Charlie, the fastest horse in Eng- land in his day, second to Wenlock in the St. Leger and winner of the Two Thousand Guineas ; and his dam, the Duchess of Malti, was by EUand, who won the Queen's Vase at Ascot and four other Cup races. The second dam. Bay Celia, produced the Duke, who won the Goodwood Cup of 1866, and the Earl, who won the Grand Prix de Paris. Hersey, the next dam, produced several winners ; and Hester not only produced Chatham and The Nabob, both great sires, but also produced Palmyra, the dam of Sesostris and Tadmor and second dam of the great Springfield, who was the best horse of his day in England, at weight for age, as well as sire of Watercress and Juvenal, two of our best importations. Billet, by Voltigeur out of Calcutta by Flatcatcher, was about as unfashionably bred horse as ever left England. He was own brother to Bivouac, a good campaigner, but was not much of a horse himself. He was imported into Illinois^ where he remained in obscurity for several seasons till his sen Volturno won the rich Breckenridge Stakes at Baltimore and Volturno's full brother, Elias Lawrence, ran the fastest three miles ever run at Saratoga in 5 :29. Several other good ones showed up about the same time and Billet's owner received an offer from Kentucky that he could not well refuse. Billet headed the list of sires in 1884 and subsequently became famous as the sire of Miss Woodford, the best mare of that day. Then along came Belvedere, a horse of more than average class, followed by his brother, Sir Dixon, who was by far the most brilliant three-year-old of his day. Sir Dixon's career in the stud has been uniformly good and in 1901 he headed the list of sires with something over $250,000 to his credit, counting in the moneys won by his get in England and France. If a breeding expert in England had been asked to send over a good stallion, it is safe to say that he would have picked sixty before even thinking of Billet. How many horses have succeeded in America that were not bred from a line of sire-producing mares? The success of Billet only serves to show how great a lottery is breeding in America. BucKDEN, by Lord Clifden out of Consequence by Bay Middleton, was a good race- horse, being imported by William R. Travers, of New York, and raced on all Eastern tracks. He won several races and was sold to Capt. William Cottrill, of Mobile, who always spent his Summers at the North. He purchased a farm in Kentucky and bought some good mares to mate with his good bay horse. Buckden bred a great deal of extreme speed, and this, coupled with the fact that his colts and fillies came early to hand, soon made him a popular young sire. He died at the early age of ten, having gotten such stake-winners as Ben d'Or (best weight-carrier of his day), Meditator, Aleck Ament and Laura Glass, together with many useful horses not quite up to stake form. Hartington, who won the Cesarewitch of 1864, was, like Billet, a son of Voltigeur. and as much better bred horse than Billet, as was possible to be. Yet he hardly figures in any of our pedigrees, save as the sire of that good mare, Mary Howard, dam of Pearl Jennings. Hartington came from the No. 7 family which produced Mundig, West Aus- tralian, Cotherstone and Donovan, all winners of the Derby. Glen Athol, by Blair Athol out of Greta by Voltigeur, one of the finest bred horses ever imported, got Glenmore, one of the best cup-horses of his day and a winner of the fastest second heat of four miles ever run. But outside of Glenmore, Glen Athol is hardly known save as a broodmare sire. His name occurs in several good pedigrees. Glen Athol was also the sire of that great cup horse, Checkmate, who conceded 21 pounds to Bushwhacker at Saratoga and was beaten by a bare length. The history of imported Bonnie Scotland, who should have headed the list of winning sires long before he did, is almost a repetition of the long-deferred triumphs of the Godolphin Arabian. There seems to me to be in all the world's long history. io6 The American 'Thoroughbred no other parallel to it. Imported in 1858 by Capt. Cornish and sold to Reber and Kutz, in a district in Ohio, where there were but few thoroughbred mares and none that had produced winners previous to his advent, he was again banished still further away into Illinois and Iowa, where he appeared likely to die in undeserved obscurity. I^ut the cloud over him had, after all, a silver lining. One day old Vandal died at Belle Meade and it became necessary to select a successor to the horse that had saved the male line of Glencoe from extinction. General Jackson read over the race in which Dangerous, by Bonnie Scotland, had run so well to Idlewild and Jerome Edger in the fastest time then recorded with Northern weight. He also recalled the fact that in the only heat lost by the then peerless Asteroid, he was beaten by a son of Bonnie Scot- land ; and this, coupled with the fast three-mile race won by Frogtown in 5 129^, de- termined him in his idea of buying old Bonnie Scotland and transplanting him at Belle Meade. Of the triumphs that followed his purchase by General Jackson, it is hardly necessary for me to speak. In the third season after his removal to Tennessee, Bonnie Scotland headed the list with $135,700 won by his get, being by $15,340 the largest amount credited to any sire in America, whether native or imported. It was an un- usually rainy year all over America, and the saying, "Trust a Bonnie Scotland to run in the mud," attained the proportions of an established maxim. Two years later he again reached the premiership of America with $103,475, ^iid his son, Luke Blackburn, was the most consistent three-year-old in American history, having won 22 races out of 23 starts at that age ; and George Kinney was an exemplar of the Miss Obstinate family which reaped such green laurels in England through the unsexed Parole. And where was there any horse of that period that got such fillies as the daughters of Bonnie Scot- land. Glidelia won at Saratoga a mile and three-quarters and established new record for that distance, a record destined to be unbroken for nearly twenty years. Bonnie Scotland, as a sire of sires, was only fairly good. Bramble, out of Ivy Leaf, being by long odds his best. Bramble never headed the list of sires but there was hardly a year between 1885 and 1895 that he did not have from $40,000 to $60,000 to his credit ; and there are but few sires that average as well. Even as late as 1901, shortly before old Bramble went the way of all horse flesh, his son. Prince of Melbourne, won the Real- ization Stakes at Coney Island and the Brighton Cup a few days later, the two races aggregating the handsome sum of $37,000. The III Used, by Breadalbane out of Ellermire (dam of Elland and Epigram) by Chanticleer, was one of the best bred horses ever imported to America. He will be found in the Stud Book, Volume i, as the "Breadalbane colt." He was knocked about and bruised badly in his first three races, on account of which Mr. Belmont gave him his peculiar name. After that he had no bad luck and won a number of good races, his best being in the Kenner Stakes at Saratoga, then run at two miles. He could stay all day, but strange to say, nearly all of his get were notable as sprinters, the best being Fides, who won the Toboggan Handicap. This horse was just the reverse of the English horse, Sterling, who was a very short horse himself — all out at a mile and a quarter — but got a number of good stayers, Isonomy and Gold among the number. But the daughters of the 111 Used produced many good stayers, Henry of Navarre and Kilmarnock being the most notable examples. Ill Used was a brother-in-blood to the Australian sire. Epigram, who got Le Grand, the horse that defeated the great Martini Henry in the Victoria St. Leger, Epigram being by Blair Athol. Elland by Rataplan out of The 111 Used's dam, won the Queen's Gold Vase at Ascot, the Liverpool Autumn Cup and several other big races. The 111 Used is an important factor in some of the very best American pedigrees. He was a small horse but looked every inch the warrior. Mk. Pickwick, by Hermit, out of Tomato by King Tom, from the Oaks winner, Mincemeat, was another very valuable importation, being brought over by Charles Reed, of Gallatin, Tenn. He died in 1889, a comparatively young horse, being the sire of many good winners, the best being Dobbins, who ran a dead heat at Morris Park with The American Thoroughbred loy the incomparable Domino and won the Reahzation Stakes at three years old. Mr. Pickwick got a great many good winners, among them Ida Pickwick, who raced till eight years old and won over sixty races. He was bred in strictly sire-producmg lines, his third dam being Hybla, dam of the great Kettledrum, who won the Derby of 1861 ; and his fifth dam produced Lanercost, the greatest campaign horse between 1839 and 1850 and over the average as a sire. Mr. Pickwick's daughters, however, do not seem to be so successful as matrons as are the daughters of St. Blaise, by the same sire. This is somewhat singular, because Mr. Pickwick was much the better-bred horse, being from the No. 3 family while St. Blaise was from No. 22. At the same time, a close review of St. Blaise's pedigree will show the reader that he contained more great broodmare sires than did Mr. Pickwick; and that may account for the superiority of St. Blaise's daughters as matrons. Dobbins, above mentioned, was sent to England to race, but broke down in training and never faced the starter. He was standing in Ireland when I was there in 1901. It is a singular thing that with six sons of the great St. Simon in America, not one of them has ever been as good as tenth on the list of winning sires. Masetto, out of Lady Abbess (sister of Exeter, who beat the great Rayon d'Or in the Hardwicke Stakes at Ascot) by Cathedral, has gotten two good horses in Waring and Tommy Atkins, the latter of which was sent over to England and died shortly after landing; and Waring, a winner of about $14,000 in two weeks, at San Francisco in 1900, is dead also. Basset- law, owned at the Rancho del Paso, gets a great many horses in the "useful" class but, as yet, has turned out nothing great. Scorpion got a fairly good colt in John Yerkes who won the Drexel Stakes at Chicago, but none of the rest of his get have achieved much. Two other sons of St. Simon — St Evox and Hawkswick — are more recent im- portations, but their get are as yet too young to give any account of themselves. The full pedigree of Hawkswick (brother of Sir Blundell Maple's Childwick who defeated the great Orme) will be found elsewhere in this book. He belongs to that upright gentleman and enterprising breeder, Hon. Henry T. Oxnard, of Los Angeles ; and that gentleman will see to it that he has access to the very best mares in the country, one of which is the flying filly Lux Casta, by Donovan, who ran second to Yankee in the Futurity of 1901. Imported Esher, by Claremont (son of Blair Athol and Coimbra) out of Una by Dusk (or Ellington) had been a great success in Kentucky up to the time of his death, in December, 1901. He was a fine big upstanding horse with all the Blair Athol power and a degree of quality which he plainly inherited from the beautiful Wild Dayrell. He got Alcedo, a winner of the Suburban of 1901 ; Judith Campbell and her brother, the game and speedy Moharib ; Esherine, winner of the California Oaks at San Fran- cisco; Benson Caldwell, a winner for five seasons; and a dozen other good ones. Esher has several sons already in the stud but they are as yet too young to form any ade- quate idea of their breeding capacity. His daughters should breed well for, while he was full of good sire ^lood, he also has some great broodmare blood in Venison, Wild Dayrell and Lanercost; and their daughters had over forty years ago well earned the fame enjoyed by them as matrons. Esher died the property of that splendid specimen of a youne country gentleman, J. N. Camden Jr., of Kentucky'. Imported Order affords to the student of breeding a very curious problem to con- temnlate. He never started in a race and, amongst other mares that he served while the property of Mr. Hal Headley, of Lexington, was Victorine by Onondaga; and she, like Order, was a maiden. From this union came that good horse Ornament, winner of three Derbys at three years old and the best handicap horse in America at four. Orna- ment is already a fairly tried sire and gets many good horses. Order also got High Order, a very successful turf horse; and Box, a good winner at the Atlantic seaboard tracks against the very best of company. Box is njow in the stud of Mr. W. Showalter, of Georgetown, Scott county, Kentucky, and gives promise of becoming a good sire. io8 The American Thoroughbred The blood of little Order, whose dam was also the dam of the great Orme, has evi- dently "come to stay." Stalwart and Topgallant were full brothers, imported about the same time, both being by Sterling out of Sea J\Iark by Adventurer, the next dam being Sea Gull, the dam of Beaudesert. Stalwart achieved nothing worth talking about, but Top- gallant at once leaped into fame as the sire of Lookout, Typhoon and Algol, the latter being as good as any in his three-year-old form and about the best of the next year when he won the rich Wheeler Handicap at Chicago. Then came Sidney Lucas, the best muddy-track horse that had been seen for many a day. He won the Amer- ican Derby at Chicago, after being the fifth horse to enter the stretch, beating, among others, the much vaunted Lieutenant Gibson, who had won the Kentucky Derby a few weeks before. Topgallant's benefits to the American stud were many and far reach- ing for several of his sons are making reputations as sires ; and one of his daughters, Manola Mason, is already the dam of two such flyers as McChesney and First Mason, both stake horses of rare individual merit. Trustee, by Catton out of Emma by Whisker, ran third in the Derby of 1832, won by St. Giles (also imported), the second horse being Perion by Whisker. Trustee afterward beat Margrave, the St. Leger, winner of that year, in a race in which St. Giles ran outside the money. Trustee was full brother to Mundig, who won the Derby of 1835 and a half-brother to Cotherstone, who won the Two Thousand and Derby in 1843. Mowerina, sister to Cotherstone, was the dam of West Australian, the first to win "the triple crown," and fourth dam of Donovan, who won both the Derby and St. Leger of 1889. So it will be seen that this is a great performing fam- ily but not much for sires. Trustee being quite as good a one as ever came from that of Gibside Fairy. He was imported by Commodore R. F. Stockton, U. S. A., and stood in New Jersey. He was rather small but full of quality, aside from a rather plain head; and was essentially different from Mundig, who was coarse like his sire, Cat- ton. Trustee can be safely set down as a first-class sire, having gotten Fashion, the best performing mare of her day. Levity, the greatest mare in American his- tory, considered as an ancestress ; Revenue, the best stallion of his day, to a cer- tainty; and Reube, the best gelding of his day, for he was third and close up to Lecompte and Lexington in the fastest heat of four miles ever run up to that time. Imported Sovereign should have bred better than he did. He was by the then premier stallion of Europe (Emilius) out of the best mare for cup distances (Fleur de Lis) that had yet appeared, with the solitary exception of the nonpariel Beeswing. He got some good horses, but nothing like what should have been expected from his superb breeding. From Reel he got Ann Dunn and Prioress, the latter of which was taken to England where she won the Cesarewitch of 1857 (after a dead heat with El Hakim and Queen Bess) and the Great Yorkshire Handicap of 1858. Sovereign also got Charleston, who was also taken to England to run for the Ascot and Good- wood cups, but he became a "roarer" soon after landing. Sovereign's male line became extinct with the death of John Morgan, but some o^ his daughters have bred very well, more particularly Dixie, who laid the foundation of an ample for- tune for my good old friend. Major B. G. Thomas, of Lexington, Kentucky. Imported Yorkshire and Nicholas were full brothers brought to this country by R. D. Shepherd. They were by St. Nicholas, who was by Emilius out of Sea Mew (full sister to Shoveler, who won the Oaks of 1819, and to Sailor, who won the Derby in 1820) by Scud, thus being inbred to Beningbrough, Leviathan being in- bred in almost a similar manner. The dam of these colts was Miss Rose by Tramp, from a mare by Sancho (St. Leger, winner in 1804) from the Coriander mare that produced Theodore (St. Leger, 1822) and the mighty Blacklock, male-line ancestor of the incomparable St. Simon. I may dismiss Nicholas by saying that his only progeny of any distinction was the "black horse Tar River, who, though a trifle de- T^he American T'horoughbred log ficient in speed, gave Sue Vvashington and Nicholas the First the races of their Hves. Yorkshire was a different proposition. He won at mile heats on Tuesday and two mile heats on Thursday and because he could not beat George Burbridge at three mile heats the next Saturday, his owner (Com. Morgan, U. S. N.,) presented him to Hon. Henry Clay, whose son, the late John M. Clay, bred scores of good winners from him. Yorkshire never got a sire worthy of mention, nor did any of his sons run well at five or six years old. His daughters bred well to everything; and one of them. Bay Leaf, was the only American mare, up to 1890, that had dropped three horses to win races in England — Preakness, Rubicon and Bay Final. The Yorkshire mares bred exceptionally well to Lexington and another great descendant of Bay Leaf was that splendid racer and capital sire, Bramble. Imported Scythian, who won the Chester cup of 1854, was as bad a failure as could have been expected from as well-bred a horse as he was. By Orlando (Derby of 1844), out of a mare by Hetman Platoff (sire of a Derby winner), and her dam the Oaks winner. Princess, one would have said "Seek no further," but he only got two really good ones — Sympathy and Lizzie W. — full sisters and great winners in 1864. I saw Scythian shortly after his arrival and he did no*^ please me. He had good shoulders and grand quarters, two galloping ends stuck together with a very poor middle piece. He was a very costly purchase for Mr. Robert Alexander. Two sons of the great Isonomy have been imported to America — Hermence and Water Level, the latter of whom is something of a disappointment. Hermence, since he passed into the possession of Mr. O. H. Chenault, of Lexington, seems to have made a marked improvement in himself. He got that deservedly great little horse, Hermis, whose dam is Katy of the West, going back to Chloe Anderson, the great grand dam of the great three-miler Norfolk, whose record made thirty-nine years ago, is still unbeaten. Hermis has won many a good race, his three best performances being the Brighton Cup of 1903 in the second best time recorded; the Suburban of the present year in the second best record for that race and the best when the weights are considered; and the Test Handicap at Brighton Beach, in which he covered a mile in i 138 with 133 pounds, beating that great filly Beldame, conceding thirty pounds to that good filly Dainty, who finished third. Hermence is one of the best horses on earth and was imported by William Astor of New York. He is out of the Oaks winner Thebais, by Hermit from Devotion by Stockwell, thus being in-bred to that greatest of all English sires. Martenhurst ran third in the Derby of 1891, won by Common with Gouverneur second; and was imported into America in the fall of 1892, by Mr. Simeon G. Reed of Pasadena, at a cost of about $13,000 up to the time he landed in California. He made the season of 1893 at the Rancho del Paso and died at Los Angeles of pneu- monia, as the result of a cold contracted on a train while crossing the Tehachapi mountains. I do not claim that he was the superior of St. Blaise, Mr. Pickwick, Eothen or Deceiver, among the Touchstone horses imported into this country, but he had certainly a chance to become so, had he lived. Martenhurst, at the Rancho del Paso, served fifteen of Mr. Haggin's mares, getting thirteen foals, one of which got crippled and was therefore never trained. Of the remainder, each one became a winner of at least one race in good company; and several of his get exhibited genu- ine stake form. His death weighed heavily upon his owner, an enterprising and large-hearted man in whose employ I had the honor to be during my days as a steam- boat officer. Mr. Reed imported an Irish horse called Duncombe to take Marten- hurst's place, but, while he was fairly good, he achieved no such results as could have been reasonably expected from the great bay son of Wenlock, had he lived. Martenhurst's dam was Hirondelle (sister to Josyan) by Adventurer, out of Lady Langden by Kettledrum, she being the dam of the Derby winner, Sir Bevys, and of no The American Thoroughbred the great little stallion Hampton, the only stallion to get three winners of the Derby since the death of Stockwell, so justlj' styled '"The Emperor of Stallions." Too much praise cannot be paid Mr. James B. Haggin, of California, for the spirit of enterprise which led up to his importation, at one time, of three such stallions as Watercress, Goldfinch and Golden Garter. The first is one of the most massive and masculine horses ever imported, being nearly as heavy as Darebin, of whom I have spoken elsewhere. Watercress, being a large and growthy colt, did not start at two years old but, at three, won the Prince of Wales Stakes at Ascot and ran second in the St. Leger, won by that marvelous mare La Fleche. In this country he has cer- tainly distinguished himself, being the sire of Watercure, Water Boy (a great handi- cap horse, the best of 1903), Watershed i,a winner of the Cambridgeshire in Eng- land) and Nasturtium, who was deemed good enough to send over to run for the English Derby. In addition to these he got Headwater and a dozen other top-saw- yers in the selling plater class. Watercress has made a great name for Rancho del Paso and the effects of his importation will be found to be far-reaching. He comes from the good old No. 10 family from which came Blink Bonny, Blair Athol and Breadalbane, in England ; Bonnie Scotland in America, and Anteros and Light Artil- lery in Australia. Goldfinch, by Ormonde, out of Thistle (dam of Common, who won the "triple crown" of England in 1891) by Scottish Chief, is a horse to my eye. He is about fifteen hands, three inches high, which is tall enough for any horse. He is a beau- tiful bay and about the smoothest finished horse I can remember to have seen anywhere. He ran several good races in England, including the New Stakes at Ascot, one of the biggest two-year-old events in that country. After his importation to America (he having made but one season in England) his daughter Chelandry, out of the dam of the Derby winner Ladas, came out and won the One Thousand Guineas, on the strength of which an offer of re-purchase was made but politely de- clined. As sire of Tradition, by long odds the best two-year-old of 1904, regardless of sex, Goldfinch now divides with Watercress the honors of Premiership at the big farm on the American river. Golden Garter, by Bend d'Or, out of Sanda (dam of the Derby winner Sanfoin, sire of that great performer Rock Sand) by Wenlock, while he does not class with Watercress and Goldfinch, is entitled to be called the sire of something more than "useful" horses. Among his w-inners are Golden Maxim, Meehanus, Artvis, Girdle and Golden Rule, all winners of $15,000 and upwards. I like a horse that has lots of great mares in his pedigree and Golden Garter is well fortified in this respect, for he has Beeswing and Pocahontas, dams of winners of the Two Thousand and St. Leger; and Miss Twickenham, Alice Hawthorne, Mineral, Rouge Rose, Marigold, Martha Lynn and Vulture, all dams of Derby winners. Beeswing won 52 races out of 63 ; Alice Hawthorne 503^ out of 68, and Vulture 32 out of 69, Beeswing being the only animal to win the Doncaster Cup four times and the Ascot Cup twice. Golden Garter is half-brother to Black Sand, a great handicap horse who ran second for the Cesarewitch in 1901 and won it, in a field of seventeen starters, in the following year. Meddler, who will be gazetted as the premier sire of 1904, belonged to that rough- and-tumble sportsman, George A. Baird, who raced under the name of "Mr. Abing- don." He died very suddenly and, as all his horses were disqualified in the English classic events by his death, he was sold to Mr. W. H. Forbes, of Neponset, Mass. Mr. Forbes died about two years later and all his horses were sold, Mr. William C. Whitney, of New York, becoming the purchaser at $55,000. Meddler started but three times, winning all his races, but as he was of the same age with Isinglass, the greatest money-winner the world has ever produced, it is hard to believe he could have beaten the son of Isonomy at three years old. Meddler is by St. Gatien (Derby winner of 1884) out of Busybody (Oaks of 1884) from Spinaway (Oaks 1878) from Queen. T^he American Thoroughbred III Bertha (Oaks 1863) by Kingston, being the only stallion in the world having the first three generations, on his dam's side, as winners of the Oaks consecutively. Meddler's rise, from tenth place in 1901 to first in 1904, is the result of Mr. Whitney's liberal purchases of great mares between 1897 and 1900 ; and to the intelligent manner in which the pick of these mares were mated with him. Stalwart, by Meddler out of Melba, by imp. Mortemer, won the most money of all the three-year-old colts in 1904, being second only to the peerless Beldame, of his own age ; and Colonial Girl a daughter of Meddler, won the St. Louis Fair Handicap, which she was lucky to catch on a muddy track, as Hermis, who ran second to her, would surely have beaten her on a good day and a good track. If I live ten years longer, I hope to see an inbred Stockwell horse, produced by mating a son of Meddler with a daughter of imported Esher. This will give a double of the blood of Blair Athol — by long odds the best son of Stockwell. Here will be the tabulation : h4 O "! Meddler ■en [ Melba Esher r The Rover St. Gatien 1 1 I St. Editha r 1 Petrarch Busybody 1 \ 1 1 I Spinaway Mortemer i Compeigne Comtesse I Trill f Cla remont I Una I Dusk [ Uncas I { I L Cadence ^ Blair Athol ( Coimbra r Wild Dayrell \ Blair Athol '\ Edith j Kingley Vale \ Miss Agnes j Lord Clifden / Laura j Macaroni / Queen Bertha S Fitz Gladiator ") Maid of Hirt j Nuncio Eusebia Lexin Coral j Lexington \ Macaroni \ Castagnette I Stockwell \ Blink Bony i Kingston { Calcavella I Ion \ Ellen ' Aliddleton I Circassian Maid \ Lanercos't .dam's pedigree not yet given. This would be, in my belief, the best possible way of preserving the blood of Blair Athol in America. A stallion so bred would be very valuable for the reason that there would be two crosses each of Blair Athol, Marcaroni, Orlando and Newminster; and 112 The American Thoroughbred there would be five crosses of Touchstone and four of Birdcatcher, two horses now nearly fifty years dead. There would be three crosses of Gladiator, the best horse ever sent to France ; and eight of Blacklock whose male line is now at the head of the English turf, through Galopin, St. Simon and two sons of the latter, each of whom has headed the list of England's winning sires. There would be a horse inbred to my liking because, outside of their descent from Blair Athol, nothing could be more unlike than Esher and Meddler. Who will be the first one to try this experiment? Ben Strome, imported, headed the list of Winning Sires in America for 1903 by a very narrow margin but has already shown himself an exceptional sire of specl. His get are mostly partial to short courses but he got that great colt Highball, owned by Walter M. Scheftel, of New York, who won the American Derby at Chicago with him. Highball broke his leg, a few weeks afterwards, which necessitated his being killed. This was particularly distressing as Highball was the only really game horse that Ben Strome ever got. Ben Strome was by the Derby winner. Bend d'Or, his dam being Strathfleet by Scottish Chief, she being a full sister to Highland Fling, dam of that good horse Saraband. This is the No. 14 family of Bruce Lowe's system, being also that of Touchstone, Leamington, Macaroni and Darebin. Therefore I regard Ben Strome as the most eligible horse in America for mares having a double cross of the well-beloved Leamington. He is an old horse, just twenty, for which reason the early death of his only good staying son, Highball, must be regarded as a public misfortune. The fact that Ben Strome never got a decent selling-plater in England; and that he rose to be a premier sire in America, only serves to emphasize more strongly what I have already said about American breeding being more or less of a lottery. Kantaka, by Scottish Chief out of Seclusion (Hermit's dam) carries on his first two crosses, the impress of a good broodmare sire but nothing more. He got Meadow- thorpe, Time Maker and a great many more exceedingly useful horses, but nothing that can be called great. As both his sire and his dam's sire were good broodmare sires and distinctly female-line horses, I have no hesitation in recommending daughters of Kantaka for the foundation of new breeding studs throughout the United States, especially where a male line descendant of Galopin is installed as premier sire, Galopin having gotten Donovan (largest money winner up to 1892) from a daughter of Scottish Chief. Several sons of St. Simon from Scottish Chief mares, have also per- formed well. We have been both fortunate and unfortunate in our importations of foreign-bred horses. We got the best son of Sultan in Glencoe ; the best of Faugh-a-Ballagh in Leamington; the best son of West Australian in Millington, afterwards called Aus- tralian • and the best son of Compeigne in Mortemer. On the other hand, "the enter- taining fact remains" that we never got a really good son of Tramp, Touchstone, Stock- well, Rataplan, Birdcatcher or Newminster, six truly great stallions whose fame as sires covered a period of over sixty years. Look over our successful horses in America — Billet, Bonnie Scotland, Glenelg and Buckden— and then go back to England for the female tail lines of those horses. Just see how many sires you will find. Take even Sir Modred — the greatest horse ever imported if you count by the number or races won, instead of money values — and what do you find in that No. 17 family, for sires? Only Pantaloon in England, Yattendon in Australia, and Verneuil in France. Hence the intelligent reader will coincide with me that breeding in America is a great lottery and the selection of yearlings for stake entries, a still greater one. This kind of read- mg may not be pleasing to some of my readers, as I am already aware, but it is "the frozen truth" and I would rather be considered a candid man than a great one. People may affect to dislike you because you are plain and blunt in your utterances, but they are sure to have a certain amount of secret respect for you when your back is turned. The importation of Derby winners in the United States has been, generally speak- ing, disastrous to all concerned. The only exceptions to the rule were Diomed, T'he American Thoroughbred iij winner of the first Derby and St. Blaise who won it in 1883. Diomed got one great race horse, Ball's Florizel, who won seven straight races without defeat. He also got that incomparable stallion Sir Archy, who while not as good a turf horse as Florizel, was the best native sire from 1810 to i860. Diomed also got Duroc, a big and coarse horse whose sole fame was from his being the sire of the unbeaten American Eclipse. There were two crosses of Duroc in Nantura, dam of the great Longfellow. The triumphs of Sir Archy in the stud were without any previous parallel, getting four such sires as Timoleon, Virginian, Sir Charles and Henry; and Sir Archy's daughters showed, if possible, greater merits than his sons for they made reputations for a great many other stallions. Sir Archy must have been a pretty good race-horse also, for his owner challenged all America to match him at four-mile heats in 1810, a defiance which met with no response. Nevertheless, I have always been disposed to credit a great portion of Sir Archy's excellence to his dam Castianira by Rockingham, out of Tabitha by Trentham ; and both those sires — Rockingham and Trentham — got winners of the Oaks, while Diomed, notwithstanding his prestige as the first Derby winner, never got a single classic winner and is only known to the best English breeders as a broodmare sire. He got Young Giantess, the dam of Sorcerer and grand-dam of Phantom and Priam, both Derby winners and good sires. Up to 1850 Priam was the only horse, save Waxy, to get three winners of the Oaks. St. Blaise, however, made a mark for himself that is not easily obliterated. He got Potomac, one of the only two horses to win the Futurity at two years old and the Realization at three ; La Tosca, by ten pounds the best filly of her day ; St. Florian, a great two-year-old and a fair sire ; St. Carlo, who was undoubtedly "pulled" in the Futurity and since a capital sire ; St. Maxim. Prince of Monaco, St. Julien, Magnet (now in Australia), Belisarius (winner of over 100 races) and forty or fifty other good ones. He was sold at the death of his importer, the elder Belmont, after which he achieved but little in the stud as his new owner, who paid $100,000 for him at auction, neglected to purchase the mares to whom St. Blaise owed so much of his success. His daughters are breeding well as a rule, one of them being the dam of that great performer Bannockburn. , The following is a list of the Derby winners imported to the United S'tates, to- gether with the years they were foaled, viz : Archduke ...i7q6 Eagle 1795 Priam 1827 St. Giles ....182Q Diomed 1777 John Bull ...1780 Saltram 1780 Sir Harry ...1795 Lapdog 1823 St. Blaise ...1880 Pri.\m got many winners but inflicted an almost irreparable injury upon the stock of America as he was very light under the knee and had bad legs, in addition to which most of his get were knee-tied. His best was Monarch whom he got before leaving England. Monarch won ten races with- out defeat but_ carefully avoided meeting Boston, who was then the champion of the Atlantic Seaboard ; and Wagner who was equally the best in the Mississippi Valley States. Monarch was a good broodmare sire. The reader can, therefore, see for himself that the Australians in importing no Derby winners and only one winner of the St. Leger, "builded wiser than they knew." They let us import all the Derby winners we wanted ; and those chiefly after the English breeders had them tried and found wanting. They imported their stallions and mares, exclusively Avith a regard to heavy bone and ability to carry weight. I believe that the Australians breed as good horses as ours, but not as many of them; and we breed as good horses as are to be found in England, but not so many as .they do. Moreover, the English, and Australians — and the French, too, for that matter — have a heavier scale of weights than ours which is a great benefit. Our light weight system throws many good riders out of employment for, just as soon as a boy gets so that he becomes a really great rider, he becomes too heavy to do the weight. In 1890 I was at a meeting 11^ The American Thoroughbred at Melbourne where the crack jockey, Tom Hales, now dead and gone to an honest man's just reward, had an average of two mounts per day; and he was then hugging the lee shore of fifty pretty closely and could not ride at less than 122 pounds. Given such a scale of weights here as prevail there, and our crack jockeys would be retained in the saddle for several years longer than is the case at present. Lexington certainly got two great stake horses where either Leamington or Bonnie Scot- land got one, they being his principal competitors at that period. Nor was it till after Lexing- ton was dead that Bonnie Scotland was transferred to Belle Meade and given the first fair chance of his life; and even then, poor old Bonnie was 23 years old. In all other years these great sires were buried alive, one in Pennsvlvania and the other first in Ohio and then in Iowa, two states where there are but few thoroughbred mares ; and the same was true of Balrownie, in a less degree, who was sent to Boston where he did not average a half-dozen thoroughbred mares each year. Granted that Leam- ington and Bonnie Scotland could have been sent to Kentucky on their arrival and kept there till death, I seriously doubt if Lexington would have headed the list more than six years. Yet he was about the most uniform breeder that I ever heard of, in America or elsewhere. And the reader must remember that in 1870 when Lexington headed the list with $120,360, the big moneyed events were for three-year-olds and not for two- year-olds, as at present. And for all that, with four such colts as Longfellow, En- quirer, Lyttleton and Hamburg to run for him, Leamington had to take second place to the white-legged son of Boston and Alice Carneal. From 1850 to 1859, when Hanover first gained the top of the tree in America, no stallion under 15 years old had ever headed the list, save Lexington, who w'a:s eleven in 1861, his first year of premiership. In igo2 came a smashing of the slate when ''Augie" Belmont's fine horse Hastings, was first at nine years of age, as against eleven for Stockwell, eleven for Newminster and ten for Orlando, in their first years of premiership in England. It is a strange thing that a horse of such marvelous prepotency as Lexington should never have gotten a sire above the second class, but such i? the stubborn and ineffaceable iact. The elder Belmont bred over $25,000 worth of imported mares to Lexington in the hope of getting his equal as a sire ; and the best he got was Kingfisher who, though great as a sire of broodmares, was barely out of the third class as a sire of winners. And the same amount of money expended now would not buy half as many mares. And yet I repeat what I said in another part of this work — that, during Lexington's lifetime there was not a year after 1862 that a man could not buy ten of his yearlings, with a positive certainty that at least three of them would turn out stake-winners, something that has not since been true of any other stallion, whether native or imported. How the male line of such a wonderfully prepotent sire ever came to be threatened with total extinction, as is now the case, passes my comprehension. I herewith append a table of the largest American winners at two years old, be- ginning in 1879 with Sensation (brother to Onondaga) who was the fi'rst of that age to win even $10,000. Sensation $ 20,250 Potomac* $ 78,460 Spinaway 16,250 His Highness 109,400 Onondaga 17,960 Morello 55,260 George Kinney 17,370 Domino 180,085 Wanda 35,74.S Butterflies 54,690 Gen. Harding 16,635 Requital* 58,615 Ban Fox 22,940 Ogden Imp 53-255 Tremont 40,085 L'Alouette 42,290 Emperor of Norfolk 37,020 Martimas 43,565 Proctor Knott 69,780 Mesmerist 49,152 Chaos 63,550 Commandot 40,862 * Won the Futurity; t won th; Matron Stakes. The American Thoroughbred 115 Of these Domino was clearly the best as he was never beaten. Next to him, in my opinion, came Potomac, Morello and Requital, all great performers at three. The two worst that ever won this race were L'Alouette and Chaos, neither of which were of any class afterwards. His Highness was a great two-year-old but a great dis- appointment at three. Chacornac won the Futurity in Mesmerist's year ; Ballyhoo Bey in Commando's year, but it was only worth $33,500 in that year. In the past four years the Futurity winners have been Yankee by Hanover; Savable by Salvator; Ham- burg Belle and Artful by Hamburg, both of them comparatively light weighted. Tra- dition is a head and shoulders the best two-year-old of either sex in this year, as was Irish Lad in i(;o2. It will be seen that, in the above given list of champion two- year-olds, imported Leamington was the only sire to get three and no other horse save the native-bred Hamburg got two. I append a table of largest winners of any age between 1870 and 1892. inclusive, as several of the horses therein named are still living. 1870— Kingfisher, 3 $ 25,750 1882— Pearl Jennings, 3 $ 28,850 1871— Harry Bassett, 3 34,250 1883— Miss Woodford, 3 51,420 1872— Joe Daniels, 3 25.350 1884— Wanda, 2 35,745 1873— Tom Bowling, 3 27,150 1885— Wanda. 3 30,380 1874— Vandalite, 3 23,760 1886— The Bard, 3 42,827 1875— Aristides. 3 I5,750 1887— Hanover, 3 89,825 1876— Vigil, 4 25,790 1S88— Proctor Knott. 2 69,780 1897— Bazil, 3 22,150 1889— Salvator, 3* 71,380 1878— Duke of Magenta, 3 35,295 1890— Tournament, 3* 89,755 1879— Spendthrift. 3. 23,425 1891— His Highness, 2 109,400 1880— Luke Blackburn. 3 46.975 1892— Tammany. .3* 73„3io 1881 — Hindoo, 3 49,160 * Winners of the Realization Stakes. Betw-een this and the present writing, "there is a great gulf fixed" for during the present year (and 'the season not yet closed) nine horses have won upwards c-f $40,000 in purses and stakes, as follows : NAME. SIRE. DAM. AMOUNT WON. Delhi, 3 Ben Brush Veva $77,355-00 Ort Wells, 3 King Eric Tea's Over 69,395.00 Tanya Meddler* Handspun 58,635.00 Stelwart Meddler* Melba 57,iio.oo Artful Hamburg Martha II 53,975-00 Tradition Goldfinch* Reclare 43,698.00 Broomstick Ben Brush Elf* 40,120.00 Colonial Girl Meddler Springtide 48,635.00 Beldame Octagon Bella Donna 49,995.00 * Bred in England. This gives the reader some accurate idea as to how the "Sport of Kings" has progressed in America. Of course, there were two stakes valued at over $40,000 to the winner — the World's Fair Handicap at St. Louis and the Great Republic a,t Saratoga — that are not to be renewed next year. So the figures at the close of 1905, which I pray I may be permitted to see, are not likely to be so large as those of the current year. Meddler's showing is something enormous, having three winners of over $45,000.00, a result attained by no other sire in the turf history of America. Outside of the above we find the following horses that have won over $20,000.00 up to September 20th : lib The American Thoroughbred NAME. SIRE. AMOUNT WON. Highball Ben Stronie* $33,990.00 English Lad Requital 27,825.00 Flyback Requital 26,335.00 Song and Wine Goldfinch* 24,105.00 De Reske Lamplighter 26,820.00 Hermis Hermence* 31,725.00 Dainty Golden Garter* 20,795.00 Bryn Mawr Atheling* 20,020.0c. * Bred in England. With nine horses that have won $40,000 and upwards in a single season, and eight more that have won over $20,000, the season of 1904 can safely be set down as the best in the history of the American turf. To make it so hereafter, all owners, rich and poor alike, must be held accountable for the running of their horses ; and the discipline of each track should be made equal in its bearing by the magisterial officers selected for the enforcement thereof. The great Admiral Rous once declared that "All men are equal on the turf — or under it," an axiom of which judges alnd stewards should never lose sight. Justice should be tempered with mercy wherever the attendant circumstances will permit; and the discipline of the track should never be so rigid as to border upon the tyrannical. In fact, the motto of all judges, when entering upon their official duties should be, "the greatest good to the greatest num- ber." If they will only remember this, racing will prosper and continue to prosper. But the rights of the betters must be protected at all hazards. As long as book- makers have to pay $20 per race for the privilege of booking, just so long will they have a "pull" on the judge's stand. Once cut it down to the rates paid in Engfland and Australia, which is five pounds per quarter, and the stewards will take no notice of them or their claims. The two latest importations of any note are jNIarius II and Solitaire, two horses brotight over by Mr. H. Eugene Leigh, of Kentucky, who sold them to Mr. Adolph B. Spreckels, of San Francisco, shortly after landing. These horses were both good performers and superb individuals, imparting their great quality to their progeny to such an extent that twenty head of their get sold in New York in September for $26,000, an average of $1,300 each. Two of the get of Solitaire sold for $5,000 each, which was a tremendous price, to my idea. They were the get of a horse which, how- ever good he may have been on the turf, was wholly untried as a sire. The logical inference is, therefore, that they sold on their looks and on their breeding, which was not to be surpassed on either side. After ten years wasted on a lot of worthless Australian sires that had "left their country for their country's good,' Mr. Spreckles is now on the high road to success. T^he American 'Thoroughbred iiy O U R N A T I V E SIRES Of all native stallions, since racing in America was first founded, Lexington was easily the best. He headed the list of winning sires for eleven seasons, as against nine for St. Simon in England and seven each for Stockwell and Hermit. No other stallion on American soil ever approached this record, Sir Archy and Glencoe being next to him with five seasons, and Leamington, Glenelg and Hanover each four. And in 1870, when Lexington was twenty years old, he had to the credit of his progeny more money than Hanover had in his best season, with Hanover only eleven years old and the public money to be won worth nearly three times what it was in 1870. I do not think that Lexington bred as much class as did Leamington, for it is very doubtful if he ever got as good a horse as Longfellow, leaving Enquirer (who dis- tanced Longfellow the only time they ever met) and Iroquois (who won the Derby, Prince of Wales' Stakes and St. Leger in England) entirely out of the question. Lexington's best horse was Tom Bowling and, at two miles, I believe he was the best colt ever foaled in America, but I should not have cared to start him against Long- fellow (granting they had been contemporary, which they were not) at any longer distance. There is no doubt that Longfellow and Harry Bassett ran the first mile of their Cup race at Saratoga in 1:40; and some watches made it as low as 1:39%, but being a race of two and a quarter miles, it did not count as a record. Of the get of Lexington I place Tom Bowling, Harry Bassett. Duke of Magenta, Kingfisher, Norfolk, Wanderer and Asteroid in the order named. It is exceedingly to be re- gretted that Lexington left no son worthy to perpetuate his laurels. Considered as sires, I must place War Dance first, Kingfisher second, Norfolk third and close behind them Asteroid, Pat Malloy, Jack Malone and Wanderer. Norfolk's only really great performers were exclusively the offspring of one mare, Marian, whose produce won over $240,000 in purses and stakes. As a broodmare sire, Lexington overtops all other horses of the Century, nearly all the best winners by six different imported stallions — all of dissimilar breeding, such as Leamington, Glenelg, Bonnie Scotland, Billet, Buckden and Australian, being from Lexington mares. I hold him superior to Mel- bourne, Pantaloon, Touchstone and Stockwell, in this respect. This is easily explained by the fact that his daughters were all great milkers and their foals were all, when weaned, the making of strong and upstanding horses. His sons have all done well as broodmare sires ; War Dance, Kingfisher and Norfolk having shown exceptional excellence in this respect. There is this always to be said about Lexington : while he was alive, a man could always go to one of Mr. Robert Alexander's sales and purchase ten yearlings with the certainty that at least three of them would turn out stake- horses, barring unforseen accidents ; and that is something not true of any other stallion, native or imported, with the possible exception of St. Blaise, during the life- time of the elder August Belmont. After his death, the battle began to waver and the English Derby winner of 1883 went dov^ai to undeserved obscurity. Lexington was sixteen when he got Kingfisher ; seventeen when he got Harry Bassett ; nineteen when he got Tom Bowling, the best of all his progeny ; and twenty-six when he headed the list of winning sires for the last time, for he died in that same year, "Full of years and full of honors." Leonatus, by Longfellow out of Semper Felix (grand dam also of that great iiS The American T'horoughbred performer, Longstreet) must rank about even with The Bard among the sons of Long- fellow and superior to all the others. He was foaled in i8So and won the Kentucky Derby at three years old, with Drake Carter and Cardinal McCloskey as the two placed horses in the race. He lost one race at two years old, but was never beaten afterwards. I have heard people say he never won a really fast race, which is true, but he beat two horses that were afterwards record-breakers, notably Drake Carter, whose three-mile race, in 5 :24, is still unbeaten. The truth is, he carried his horses so fast in the fore part of his races, that he left them nothing with which to finish. Leonatus was never a premier sire, but always a prominent one. He got Libertine, whose mile on a circular track was the record up to the current year, when Hermis lowered it to i 138 with 133 pounds up. He also got Pink Coat, winner of two Derbys. From 1893 to 1899 he was a very conspicuous sire, getting an average of $45,000 worth of good winners every year; and it was a fitting end for so great a horse that, on the very day of his death, his son Pink Coat won the American Derby at Washington Park, while another son, Tillo, carried off the Suburban Handicap at Coney Island from a select field consisting of Bannockburn, Warrenton and ten other good ones. Leonatus came from the No. 12 family to which trace Lexington and Vandal. Bramble, by Bonnie Scotland out of Ivy Leaf by Australian, from Bayflower by Lexington, is one of the native stallions well to be remembered, because he not only got winners but sires as well, his son Ben Brush being already accredited with the largest amount ever placed opposite the name of any American horse of his age. Bramble got Prince of Melbourne, winner of the Brighton Cup and Realization Stakes ; Ben Brush, winner of the Kentucky and Latonia Derbys at three and the Suburban Handicap at four ; Lou Bramble, winner of the Latonia Oaks ; and Clifford, winner of a score of great races and already prominent as a sire ; and in addition to these had always to his credit about forty thousand dollars at the close of each and every season. Just why General Jackson ever sold him and retained Luke Blackburn, ;s one of the mysteries I have never yet been able to unravel. Grinstead, bay horse foaled 1871 and gotten by Gilroy out of Sister to Ruric by imported Sovereign, was one of the best sires of his day, and to my way of think- ing, the best sire that ever came from the male line of Lexington. He won several good races at three years old and was sold at four to Mr. Elias J. Baldwin, of Santa Anita, in Los Angeles County, California. He was a marked success from the first, his best performers being from daughters of Virgil and imported Glenelg, selected for him by the late Lewis R. Martin. Grinstead's get ran well everywhere but seemed to have a lingering love for the Washington Park Course near Chicago. The following table shows the number of stakes won by his get in ten years, be- ginning with 1885 : American Derby* 2 Sheridan* i Drexel Stakes* 3 Boulevard Handicap* 2 Gazelle Stakest ] St. Louis Railway Plate i Hyde Park* i Saratoga Cup i Hunter Stakest i Louisville Cup i Kentucky Stakes 2 Latonia Grand Prize i Ladies' Stakes i Westchester Handicap i * At Chicago; t at Coney Island. In addition to the above, the progeny of Grinstead ran second once for the American Derby, Clipsetta Stakes at Cincinnati, Drexel Stakes, twice for the Hyde Park, and once for the U. S. Hotel Stakes at Saratoga. His daughters, the most mag- nificent looking herd of mares I ever saw in a single ownership, were never mated with a horse that was their equal. His sons, Gano and Volante, were both fairly good in the stud, Gano being the sire of Argentina, Wheel of Fortune and Gladiola ; and there are but few stallions that get three such good fillies as they were. He also got T^he American Thoroughbred iig Galindo, a grey colt that won one of the big handicaps at Jerome Park twice. Ga- lindo was out of Freda by Wildidle from Frolic by Thunder (brother to Lightning and Lancaster) from imported Siskin by Muscovite, thus uniting the blood of Lexington and Vandal's dam with two very strong crosses of Blacklock, through Tranby and Brutandorf. Volante won thirty-six races in all and generally in good company; and got the dam of that great horse, The Picket, who won the American Derby of 1903. Salvator has done fairly well only when we consider how he was favored at the Rancho del Paso, where he stood until 1902. He got the cream of the matrons at that farm, to the neglect of all others save Sir Modred ; and still his son's win, in the Futurity of 1903, was about the only thing to call any marked degree of attention to him. 1 have heard men say he was not bred right for a sire, but that is the sheerest of rot. Salvator came from a No. 12 mare, his female tail-line being that of Lexing- ton, Vandal, Luke Blackburn, Strathmore, Grinstead, Ornament and a dozen other sires of over-average merit. I saw Salvator at the Rancho del Paso, just after he had come out of training. He was in fairly good flesh but not so fat as to obliterate his magnificent conformation, and I may have seen a more perfectly formed horse but cannot remember where. Tennv, by imported Rayon d"Or, out of Belle of Maywood, won the Brooklyn Handicap of 1891 with the top-weight. As a sire he was good but not great. Taking him as the trial horse between Salvator and Longstreet, I am compelled to pronounce the latter the better performer as he beat Tenny always from two to three lengths, whereas Salvator had all he could do to beat Tenny a neck. Moreover, Longstreet won thirty races in all, winning more of them at five years old than Salvator ever won in his whole career. That settled it, to my notion. Inspector B. I cannot compare with Falsetto as the representative son of En- quirer, but you cannot wholly ignore a horse that gets two such performers as George F. Smith and Endurance by Right. I have seen but few stallions I liked better than Inspector B, who was, after Hanover and Hindoo, as good a horse as ever wore the Dwyer colors. He always reminded me of that magnificent horse, Tirailleur, by IMusket out of imported Florence Macarthy by Macaroni, that was killed in a bumping match over the Melbourne Cup of 1892. I had an option on him at $15,000 for a gen- tleman of San Francisco, to be delivered after that race ; and I think now they are sorry they did not scratch him before the race. A comparatively worthless gelding ran into him, knocking him to his knees ; and when he got up, his foreleg was found to be broken, so that the intervention of the "friendly bullet" became a necessity. Jim Gore is not to be overlooked, either, for, while he does not compare with Hanover as a sire, he is the next best son of Hindoo and was really preferable to Han- over on the score of getting a sounder and better class of horses. Jim Gore was on the Barcaldine order of architecture, a big horse on short legs. He belonged to my good friend, Col. W. S. Barnes, of the Melbourne Stud, for whose recent misfortunes no sincere man could help feeling the very deepest of sympathy. I don't know who owns him now. Macduff, by imported Macaroon out of Jersey Lass by imported King Ernest, was clearly one of the neglected sires of the past fifteen years. He got a Kentucky Derby winner in Macbeth, who won it in 1887 and was 19 years old when he got that speed marvel McChesney, one of the five greatest handicap horses of the past decade. Suppose John McGurk did beat him in the Great Western Handicap? You could handicap Ormonde till a donkey could run over him and kill him. Now that our horses are becoming nearly as badly mbred to Eclipse as are thosp of England, the need of as good a Herod horse as Macdufif is very apparent to me. He came from the line of Partisan. Falsetto, a great race-horse and quite as noted as a sire, is one of the best of the second generation of the Leamingtons. He was bred by the late Hunt Reynolds, near 120 The American 'Thoroughbred Frankfort; and was by Enquirer out of Farfaletta by imported Australian, from Elk- horna by Lexington, from Glencona, the next dam being by Imported Envoy, a son of Memnon, who won the St. Leger of 1825. Falsetto ran second to Lord ]\Iurphy in the Kentucky Derby and won nearly every other event for which he started, beating the great Spendthrift in both the Travers and Kenner Stakes at Saratoga, as easily as Spendthrift beat everything else. On his retirement to the stud Falsetto showed such evident power as a sire that Robert Alexander bought him of Pierre Lorillard for the then famous Woodburn stud, now gone out of existence. Falsetto got Dew Drop, the best filly of her day, for whom the Dvvyers paid the then enormous price of $29,000 at auction. He goes down to history as the sire of Chant and The Picket, winners of the Kentucky Derby, getting the latter horse at 24 years of age ; Patron, winner of the Belmont Stakes and the Brooklyn Derby; and Counter Tenor and Kenwood, winners of the Carlton Stakes at Gravesend ; Gallifet, winner of the Clark Stakes at Louisville ; Jennie T, winner of the Clipsetta at Latonia ; Miss Dixie, winner of the Kentucky Oaks ; Fordham, winner of the Nursery at Jerome Park and sold to Germany for $20,000; Bright Phoebus, winner of the Realization of 1895; Port- chester, winner of the Tidal Stakes at Coney Island, and Bob L, winner of the Tobacco Stakes at Latonia. Few horses get as many stake-winners as did the old white-faced brown horse that died at Louisville last August. Onondaga, brother to Stratford and Sensation, got many good winners, having to his credit the winners of no less than 169 races in 1892, his get being also 161 times second and 153 times third. Iroquois was premier in that year with $179,477 to his credit, but he did not make any such showing as Onondaga in the matter of races won, but Onondaga had $107,082 to his credit in money in that year, being fifth on the list. His daughters have outbred those of any other son of Leamington, barring Enquirer and Longfellow. Sensation was never the equal of Onondaga and never got anything but selling platers till J\Ir. Lorillard sent a lot of his youngsters to England to be trained. In the season of 1897, Sensation had in England the winners of £7,345 ; and in 1889, chiefly through the victories of Democrat, and Doninie, he was second on the list of winning sires to Orme, having the winners of £12,096. In that year Orme had to his credit £32,938, of which £23,175 was contributed by Flying Fox, now owned in France. Sensation got the dam of Jean Beraud, the best American three-year-old of 1898, while others of his daughters have bred well but not equal to those of Onondaga. Himyar, for one season, beat all native American sires and imported ones as well, having to his credit, in 1893, the enormous sum of $246,382, of which $171,730 was won by Domino and $10,995 by Domino's full sister, Correction. This was a larger .^um than had been won by the get of any other sire on earth, barring Stockwell Hermit never equalled it, nor did St. Simon until 1890 when Diamond Jubilee carried off "the triple crown." But if you will add to what his get won in the United States, what the get of Sir Dixon won in England and France in 1901, you will find Sir Dixon considerably ahead of Himyar. However that may be, Himyar stands considerably in front of St. Blaise, Iroquois and Longfellow, they being the only others to get' winners of over $180,000 in America for any given season. Himyar comes from the No. 2 family, which produced Voltigeur, Harkaway and the ineffaceable Blacklock ; and his male line, through Alarm (American), Eclipse and Orlando, ranks second only to those of Sultan and Partisan, being a long way the speediest of all tlie Touchstone blood. If you doubt it, read the two-year-old races won by the progeny of Orlando. In 1897 INIajor B. G. Thomas, who bred and owned Himyar, got into trouble through endorsements of notes for some personal friends and was obliged to sell his horses. The late Mr. Edward S. Gardner, of Nashville, wrote to me to ask what he ought to bid on them; and I replied "Himyar $2,500 and IMazetto $5,000."' 'The American Thoroughbred 121 He got his money back long ago and the grand old son of Alarm is still alive though nearly thirty years old. EoLus, by imported Leamington, was called "the bull-dog of the turf" while he was racing. He was a small horse, but then he was out of a very small mare, Fanny Washington, also dam of Scathelock, by Eclipse. Eolus had to his credit the fastest third heat of two miles ever run in America, he being compelled to run eight miles in all to win the race.- He did not get so many winners nor so much money won as did Enquirer, Longfellow, Onondaga or Iroquois, but he bred quite as much class as any of them, for neither of them ever got so good a horse at two or three as was Eolus' son jNIorello. Nor in my belief did any one of the above quartette ever get two such four-year-olds as Eole and his brother, St. Saviour. They certainly did not from any one mare. Eole was sent to England to run for the Ascot Gold Cup and horsemen of intelligence, like "Eph" Snediker, do not send horses three thousand miles across the ocean without knowing what they can do. Knight of Ellerslie, by Eolus-Lizzie Hazelwood, is the only one of his sons that has achieved much at the stud ; and his only really notable winner was that beautiful little chestnut, Henry of Navarre, who was not, unfortunately, entered in any stake races of importance at two years old, but made his mark at three and five, winning the Suburban cleverly at the latter age. He has not been much of a success in the stud as yet, but there are certainly good chances ahead of him. The reader will think I have overlooked Ben Brush if I do not mention him right; here and now. That a horse eleven years old should have $150,000 to his credit in his third year on the Winning Sires' list, is something remarkable. The only stallion ahead of him in 1904 is the imported horse Meddler and he only beats him through Ms daughter Colonial Girl, having won the St. Louis Handicap. Had the day been fine and the track fast, Hermis would have won beyond all shadow of a doubt ; and that would have given Hermence the credit of first money while Ben Brush would have retained the lead among sires. Mr. Keene told me he bought Ben Brush to win the Suburban with him and did so. He certainly found him a very valuable purchase after his racing days were ended. Since the above was written a sale has been held in New York, at which Meddler was sold for it>55,ooo and Hamburg for $70,000; and at the same sale Mr. Keene paid $14,000 each for two imported mares to breed to Ben Brush. Hamburg, for which Mr. Whitney paid $60,000 at the dispersal sale of Marcus Daly's horses, sold for an advance of $10,000 on that figure, last Monday night (October loth) in New York, Mr. James R. Keene having bid $60,000 for him. This is the highest price ever paid for any horse, mare or gelding, bred in America. Hamburg comes from a great performing family but it was no great sire family until he and Domino came along. But since Domino got a winner of the English Oaks and ,a horse that won $12,500 in second and third moneys before he won a race ; and since Hamburg has gotten two winners of the Futurity Stakes in consecutive years, in addition to one of them having won the Brighton Oaks at three, this No. 23 family can be set down safely as a sire family, so far as America is concerned, at least. We are not likely to find a much better one for some time. From this family also came Lecompte, by Boston out of Reel (of which great mare Hamburg has two crosses) by Glencoe. And Lecompte was the sire of Umpire, who won eighteen good races in England, in the colors of Mr. Richard Ten Broeck, now some twelve years dead. Kjngston, by Spendthrift, out of Kapanga (imported) by Victorious, must be considered as one of the first of American horses whether as a turf horse or a sire, for he has been one -of the first ten on the list ever since his get came on the turf; and in igoo he was premier sire of America with $116,368 written apposite his name. In 1887 he made his first appearance at the New York tracks and Frank McCabe, who trained for the Dwyer Bros., persuaded those gentlemen to buy him, for fear he might 122 The American Thoroughbred beat the great Hanover, then the best of American three-year-olds. They acted on his advice and bought him, after which he proved a veritable gold mine to them. He started in 132 races, of which he won 87, being 30 times second, 10 times third and 5 times unplaced. He campaigned for nine seasons, his total winnings in purses and stakes being $114,757; and in his first seven seasons he was outside the money just once ! He covered a mile and a quarter in 2 :o6^2 with 122 lbs. and in 2 :07H with 126 lbs; a mile and three-sixteenths in 2:00^ with 102 lbs. at three years old; the Futurity course (170 feet short of six furlongs) with 139 lbs. in 1:08; and seven furlongs in I :26 with 126 lbs. up. \i this does not show him to have been a first-class racehorse, I do not know the meaning of that term. His largest winnings were at seven years old $20,655, but he got as his share over $15,000 in four other years. He stood his first season at McGrathiana, but was subsequently sold for $10,000 to James R. Keene, Esq., at whose Castleton farm he still remains, in charge of that past-master in the art of mating mares. Major Foxhail Daingerfield. He got Ballyhoo Bey, winner of the Futurity in 1900; King's Courier, winner of the Doncaster Cup and several other good races in England; and many other horses of undeniable class. That he is the best American-bred horse of Matchem's male line, goes without saying. In color he is a dark brown with tan nose and flanks, standing about 15^ hands high, but with back and loins strong enough for an elephant. His girth, now that he is in the high flesh usual among covering stallions, cannot be much less than 6 feet, 8 inches. He measures 8J-2 inches under the knees, which accounts satisfactorily for his great durability as a campaign horse. His possibilities as a sire might be increased, were it not for the fact that all the stallions at Castleton are kept exclusively for the owner's use. Ornament, by imported Order, has strongly and surely worked his way to the front. He is but eleven years old and has already made a mark for himself as a worthy exponent of Stockwell's male line. He won three Derbys and a capital race for the Brooklyn Flandicap, run in the mud in 2:10, beating Ben Holladay, 5 years, 121 pounds; Sly Fox, 3, 92; Tillo, 4, 118; Don de Oro, 4, 113; Senper Ego, 5, 107; Ogden, 4, 109, and On Deck, 4, 119. Ornament was fifth at the half-mile and second to Sly Fox at the head of the stretch, so it will be seen that he won purely on his gameness. The race was worth $7,800. When we consider that Ben Holladay was